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Psychology > Intelligence > Flashcards

Intelligence Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the one limitation of Galton’s research?

A

he missed the implications that being raised in a privileged environment has for IQ

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2
Q

2 main approaches to study intelligence?

A
  • psychometric

- cognitive processes

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3
Q

The ability to retrieve and use previously learned information and which forms the basis for expertise is known as ___________ intelligence.

A

crystallised

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4
Q

Your ability to reason abstractly and think logically so that you can solve new problems depends largely on your _____________ intelligence.

A

fluid

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5
Q

The three main components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence include

A
  1. metacomponents
  2. performance components
  3. knowledge acquisition
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6
Q

The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) measures emotional intelligence on which of the following domains?

A
  • perceiving emotions
  • using emotions to facilitate thought
  • understanding emotions
  • managing emotions
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7
Q

Alfred Binet’s assumptions

A
  1. mental abilities develop with age
  2. intelligence is a characteristic and fairly stable over time

(mental age)

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8
Q

William Stern’s IQ formula

A 
IQ = ration of mental age to chronological age time 100
(IQ = MA/CA x 100)
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9
Q

Limitations of Stanford-Binet Test

A
  • relied too much on verbal skills
  • suitable for children but not for adults
  • lots of timed tests (harder for older adults)
  • did not consider that intellectual performance can deteriorate with age
  • produced only one score
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10
Q

Weschsler Test

A
  • measures of verbal and nonverbal abilities

WAIS-R, WISC-IV, WPPSI-R

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11
Q

WISC-IV four cognitive domains

A
  1. verbal comprehension index (vocab)
  2. working memory index (maths)
  3. perceptual organisation index (picture completion)
  4. processing speed index (digit symbol coding)
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12
Q

Psychometric Approach

A

attempts to map the structure of intellect and to discover the kinds of mental competencies that underlie test performance.

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13
Q

Cognitive Processes Approach

A

studies the specific thought processes that underlie those mental competencies.
- try to explain why people differ on intelligence or how they process information

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14
Q

Psychometrics

A

the statistical study of psychological tests.

Aims at identifying and measuring the abilities that underlie performance

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15
Q

Factor analysis

A

a statistical technique that reduces a large number of measures to a smaller number of clusters or factors.
each cluster contains variables that correlate highly with one another but less highly with variables in other clusters.

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16
Q

The ‘g’ factor

A

discovered by Charles Spearman

  • intellectual performance is determined partly by a general intelligence factor
  • constitutes the core of intelligence
17
Q

Robert Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence addresses…

A
  1. the diverse forms that intelligence can take

2. the psychological processes involved in intelligent behaviour

18
Q

Components of Triarchic Theory

A
  1. Metacomponents- higher order processes
  2. Performance Components- actual mental processes used to perform a task
  3. Knowledge-Acquisition Components- allow learning from experiences
19
Q

Sternberg’s three forms of intelligence

A
  1. Analytical Intelligence: academically-orientated problem-solving skills (traditional intelligence tests)
  2. Practical Intelligence: skills needed to cope with everyday demands
  3. Creative Intelligence: mental skills needed to deal adaptively with novel problems
20
Q

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences (9)

A
  1. linguistic
  2. logical-mathematical
  3. visuospatial
  4. musical
  5. bodily-kinesthetic
  6. interpersonal
  7. intrapersonal
  8. naturalistic
  9. existential
21
Q

Emotional Intelligence (4 components)

A
  1. perceiving emotions
  2. using emotions to facilitate thought
  3. understanding emotions
  4. managing emotions
22
Q

Achievement tests

A

sample how much has learnt

a good predictor of future performance in a similar situation

23
Q

Aptitude tests

A

solving novel problems.

harder to test for

24
Q

reliability

A

consistency of measurement

25
Q

validity

A

how well a test actually measures what it is designed for

26
Q

standardisation

A

use of norms and rigorously controlled testing procedures

27
Q

Test re-rest (reliability)

A

administer test to same participants on two or more separate occasions and correlate scores

28
Q

internal consistency (reliability)

A

all items on a test should measure the same thing

- items should correlate highly with each other

29
Q

inter-judge (reliability)

A

consistency of measurement when different people score the same test

30
Q

Static testing

A

traditional approach to testing, emphasises similarity in testing conditions

31
Q

dynamic testing

A

standard testing is followed up with an interaction with the examiner

32
Q

stereotype threat

A

the belief that engaging in certain behaviours would confirm a negative stereotype in the minds of others. this evokes anxiety and undermines performance

Psychology (19 decks)

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