Brain And Behaviour - Ch 4

Question 0

Neurons

Answer 0

Basic building blocks of the nervous system

Question 1

Dendrites

Answer 1

Specialized receiving units like antennae that collect messages from neighboring neurons and send them on to the cell body

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

Conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

Question 3

Glial cells

Answer 3

Cells surrounding neurons keeping them in place
Providing nutrients neurons need
Isolating toxins that would harm the neuron

Question 4

Resting potential

Answer 4

Internal difference of around 70 millivolts

Question 5

Action potential

Answer 5

Electrical shift which lasts about a millisecond

Question 6

Absolute refractory period

Answer 6

Period during which the membrane is not excitable and cannot discharge another impulse

Question 7

All-or-none law

Answer 7

Action potentials occur at a uniform and maximum intensity or they do not occur at all

Question 8

Myelin sheath

Answer 8

A whitish, fatty insulation layer derived from glial cells during development.

Question 9

Somatic nervous system

Answer 9

Sensory neurons that are specialized to transmit messages from sensory receptions and motor neurons that send messages from the brain and spinal chord to the muscles that control our voluntary movements

Question 10

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

Senses the body’s internal functions and controls the glands and the involuntary muscles that form the heart, the blood vessels, and the lining of the stomach and intestines.

Question 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

Has an activation or arousal function.

Question 12

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Slows down body processes and maintains a state of tranquility.

Question 13

Central nervous system

Answer 13

Contains the brain and the spinal chord which connects most parts of the peripheral nervous stet with the brain

Question 14

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 14

Measures the activity of a large group of neurons through a series do large electrodes placed on the scalp.

Question 15

Computerized axial tomography (CT)

Answer 15

Uses X-ray technology to study brain structures

Question 16

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 16

Creates images based on how atoms in living tissue respond to a magnetic pulse delivered by the device.

Question 17

Positron-emission tomography (PET scans)

Answer 17

Measures brain activity including metabolism, blood flow and neurotransmitter activity.

Question 18

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Answer 18

Can produce pictures of blood flow in the brain taken less than a second apart

Question 19

Near infra-red spectroscopy (NIR)

Answer 19

Measures brain activity in terms of oxygen use using radiation close to the infra-red region.

Question 20

Transcranial magnetic stimulation. (TMS)

Answer 20

Disruption of a targeted part of the brain with a magnetic coil.

Question 21

Vascular brain damage

Answer 21

Disruption to blood flow to the brain due to a blockage (stroke), partial blockage (ischemia) or an enlarged artery (aneurysm).

Question 22

Tumor brain damage

Answer 22

A mass of tissue with no physiological function that grows and disrupts normal function.

Question 23

Agonist

Answer 23

mimics neurotransmitter action

Question 24

Antagonistic

Answer 24

opposes action of a neurotransmitter

Question 25

Sensory neurons

Answer 25

carry input messages from sense organs to spinal and brain

Question 26

motor neurons

Answer 26

transmit output impulses from the brain and spinal chord to body's muscles and organs.

Question 27

interneurons

Answer 27

perform connective or associative functions within the nervous system

Question 28

Non organic disease

Answer 28

pseudodementia- depression, bereavement, drugs | psychogenetic non epileptic seizures- conversion disorder

Question 29

the major link between the brain and the glandular system is the

Answer 29

hypothalamus

Question 30

what is closely related to grammar and pronunciation?

Answer 30

Brocas area

Question 31

high levels of grey matter

Answer 31

high mental test scores

Question 32

brainstem consists of

Answer 32

medulla and cerebellum

Question 33

right cerebral hempsiphere

Answer 33

perceptual skills and detecting and expressing emotion

Question 34

pleasure/punishment centres located in

Answer 34

limbic system

Question 35

agnosia helped by

Answer 35

cues of touch

Question 36

limbic system responsible for

Answer 36

control of hunger, thirst and sex

Question 37

sense of smell in which lobe

Answer 37

frontal

Question 38

area associated with language comprehension

Answer 38

wernickes

Question 39

area associated with language production

Answer 39

brocas

Question 40

body sensations such as touch, temp, pressure in which brain area?

Answer 40

parietal lobes

Question 41

victim says dar instead of car

Answer 41

brocas aphasia

Question 42

agnosia

Answer 42

inability to identify objects

Question 43

reticular formation associated with

Answer 43

attention and wakefulness

Question 44

occipital lobe

Answer 44

touch

Question 45

broca's area location

Answer 45

left frontal lobe

Question 46

function of amygdala include

Answer 46

helping us to react to dangerous stimuli through a quick fear response

Question 47

PET scan

Answer 47

measures glucose metabolism of the brain

Question 48

what acts as the final 'switching station' for most incoming sensory info?

Answer 48

thalamus

Question 49

somatosensory area located

Answer 49

parietal lobes

Question 50

brain centre for audition is in what lobe?

Answer 50

temporal

Question 51

Jim doesnt like algebra but is good at art, which side of brain is more developed?

Answer 51

right

Question 52

reticular formation job

Answer 52

wake up call

Question 53

an action potential occurs because

Answer 53

sodium ions leave the nerve cell

Question 54

the channels that transport sodium and potassium within the axon are called

Answer 54

ion channels

Question 55

neurons conduct an action potential when...

Answer 55

molecular gates open to allow sodium ions into a neuron

Question 56

sequence of communicating a stimulus to another neuron

Answer 56

stimulus, electrical impulse, neurotransmitter, receptor site