Chapter 3- Genetics

Question 0

Sexual strategy theory

Answer 0

Mating strategies and preferences reflect inherited tendencies, shaped over time in response to different types of adaptive problems men and women face.

Question 1

Five Factor Model

Answer 1

Personality trait theory

40-50% of personality variations among people are due to genotype differences.

Question 2

Social structure theory

Answer 2

Men and women display different mating preferences not because nature impels them to do so but because society guides them into different social roles.

Question 3

Evolutionary personality theory

Answer 3

Looks for the origin of presumably universal personality traits in the adaptive demands of our species’ evolutionary history.

Question 4

Strategic pluralism

Answer 4

The idea that multiple behavioral strategies might be adaptive I’m certain environments and would therefore be maintained through natural selection

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

the genetic makeup of the individual

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

the individual’s observable characteristics

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

a double stranded molecule of DNA

Question 8

codon

Answer 8

a triplet of nucleotides , 64 of which make up genetic code

Question 9

genes

Answer 9

biological units of heredity

Question 10

polygenetic transmission

Answer 10

when a number of gene pairs combine their influences to create a single phenotypic trait

Question 11

Human Genome Project

Answer 11

results:

human genome consists of less genes than previously estimated.

Question 12

animal used to study human brain fuction

Answer 12

mouse- 99% identical brain

Question 13

Behavioural Genetics

Answer 13

how heredity and environmental factors influence psychological characteristics

Question 14

Adoption study

Answer 14

adopted children more similar to their biological parents than their adopted ones.

Question 15

twin study

Answer 15

identical twins reared together are more similar than twins reared apart . therefore environment has some influence.

identical twins more similar than fraternal twins even if reared apart.

Question 16

heritability coefficient

Answer 16

estimates the extent to which the differences in a specific phenotypic characteristic within a group of people is due to their differing genes

Question 17

Fixed action pattern

Answer 17

unlearned response that is automatically triggered by a particular stimulus.

Question 18

Shared environment

Answer 18

the people who experience many common features

Question 19

unshared environment

Answer 19

experiences that are unique to us

Question 20

reaction range

Answer 20

the range of possibilities that the genetic code allows

Question 21

evocative influence

Answer 21

a child’s genetically influenced behaviours may evoke certain responses from others.

Question 22

epigenetics

Answer 22

the study of changes in gene expression due to environmental factors independent of the DNA

Question 23

Biologically based mechanisms

Answer 23

enable us to perceive, behave, feel and think in certain ways.

Question 24

Evoked culture

Answer 24

the result of biological mechanisms that evolved to meet specific adaption challenges faced by a group of people in a specific time and place.

Question 25

genotype

Answer 25

the genetic makeup of the individual

Question 26

phenotype

Answer 26

the individual’s observable characteristics

Question 27

chromosome

Answer 27

a double stranded molecule of DNA

Question 28

codon

Answer 28

a triplet of nucleotides , 64 of which make up genetic code

Question 29

genes

Answer 29

biological units of heredity

Question 30

Behaviourism

Answer 30

sumed that there are laws of learning that apply to virtually all organisms

Question 31

Ethology

Answer 31

focused on the evolutionary differences between species.

• all species biologically prepared
• species studied in natural environ
• adaptive significance

Question 32

Genetic determinisation

Answer 32

a fallacy

the idea that genes have invariant and unavoidable effects that cannot be altered.