Infectious Disease II Pt. 1 Flashcards
For preoperative antibiotics what is given and for how long
Cefazolin or Cefuroxime: 60 mins before the start of the surgery
Quinolone or Vancomycin: 120 mins before the start of the surgery
What alternative can be given if the patient has a documented PCN allergy
Clindamycin OR Vancomycin
If a patient is getting colorectal surgery what is the change in perioperative antibiotic use
Cefotetan OR Cefoxitin OR Ampicillin/sulbactam OR Ertapenem OR OR Metronidazole PLUS cefazolin or ceftriaxone
if someone has meningitis caused by listeria monocytogens what antibiotic is preferred for treating it, when would it be most necessary
Ampicillin, Patients less than one month or patients older than 50
What is the best dose if someone has Acute Otitis Media
Amoxicillin: 80-90 mg/kg day DIVIDED by two doses
OR
Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg IM or IV for 1 or 3 days (ONLY IF VOMITING or unable to tolerate oral medication)
What antibiotic is best for Streptococcal Pyogenes and streptococcal pneumoniae
Amoxicillin
What is a key symptom of strep throat
Swollen lymph nodes with WHITE PATCHES on the tonsils
What is primarily used to treat bordetella pertussis
Azithromycin or clarithromycin, possibly Bactrim
If someone with COPD is having Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis when are antibiotics okay
Increased Dyspnea (SOB), Increased Sputum volume, INCREASED SPUTUM PURULENCE ( If sputum purulence is increased only need one of the two stated), MECHANICALLY VENTILLATED
If a patient is suspected of having CAP and they have no risk of other comorbidities what are the treatment options (OUTPATIENT ONLY)
Amoxicillin high DOSe (1 gram TID)
OR
Doxycycline
OR
Azithromycin or Clarithromycin
If a patient is suspected of having CAP and they have other comorbidities what are the treatment options (OUTPATIENT ONLY)
Amoxicllin/clavulunate (oral cephalosporin also acceptable) PLUS Doxycycline or Azithromycin
OR
Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin monotherapy
If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and they are NOT sent to the ICU what are the treatment options
Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime PLUS doxycycline or Azithromycin
OR
Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin Monotherapy
If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what are the treatment options
Beta-lactam PLUS Macrolide
OR
Beta-lactam PLUS Respiratory quinolone (if in ICU cannot use quinolone monotherapy)
If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what must be added if there is a risk of MRSA
Vancomycin or Linezolid
If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what must be added if there is a risk of PSeudomonas
Pip/Tazo. cefepime, meropenem, aztreonam
How is HAP defined
Pneumonia onset greater than 48 hours (Two days) after hospital admission
How is VAP defined
Pneumonia onset greater than 48 hours after the start of mechanical ventilation
If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a low risk of MRSA and Pseudomonas
Cefepime or Pip/Tazo
If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a risk for MRSA but not PSeudomonas
Cefepime PLUS Vancomycin
Meropenem PLUS Linezolid
If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a risk for MRSA and Pseudomonas
USE ONE FOR MRSA AND TWO FOR PSEUDOMONAS:
Pip/Tazo PLUS Ciprofloxacin PLUS Vancomycin
OR
Cefepime PLUS Gentamicin PLUS Linezolid
T/F: Positive MRSA nasal swab indicates MRSA colonization and therefore MRSA coverage should be present
True
What test is used to determine if a patient has Syphillis
VDRL
What is given to a patient with syphillis who also has a penicillin allergy
Doxycycline (but only if they are not pregnant)
What is the first line for travelers
Azitrhromycin
T/F: Rifampin is an enzyme inducer
True
T/F: Daptomycin is NEVER used in pneumonia due to interfering with surfactants
True
