Infectious Disease II Pt. 1

Question 1

For preoperative antibiotics what is given and for how long

Answer 1

Cefazolin or Cefuroxime: 60 mins before the start of the surgery
Quinolone or Vancomycin: 120 mins before the start of the surgery

Question 2

What alternative can be given if the patient has a documented PCN allergy

Answer 2

Clindamycin OR Vancomycin

Question 3

If a patient is getting colorectal surgery what is the change in perioperative antibiotic use

Answer 3

Cefotetan OR Cefoxitin OR Ampicillin/sulbactam OR Ertapenem OR OR Metronidazole PLUS cefazolin or ceftriaxone

Question 4

if someone has meningitis caused by listeria monocytogens what antibiotic is preferred for treating it, when would it be most necessary

Answer 4

Ampicillin, Patients less than one month or patients older than 50

Question 5

What is the best dose if someone has Acute Otitis Media

Answer 5

Amoxicillin: 80-90 mg/kg day DIVIDED by two doses
OR
Ceftriaxone 50 mg/kg IM or IV for 1 or 3 days (ONLY IF VOMITING or unable to tolerate oral medication)

Question 6

What antibiotic is best for Streptococcal Pyogenes and streptococcal pneumoniae

Answer 6

Amoxicillin

Question 7

What is a key symptom of strep throat

Answer 7

Swollen lymph nodes with WHITE PATCHES on the tonsils

Question 8

What is primarily used to treat bordetella pertussis

Answer 8

Azithromycin or clarithromycin, possibly Bactrim

Question 9

If someone with COPD is having Acute Bacterial Exacerbation of Chronic Bronchitis when are antibiotics okay

Answer 9

Increased Dyspnea (SOB), Increased Sputum volume, INCREASED SPUTUM PURULENCE ( If sputum purulence is increased only need one of the two stated), MECHANICALLY VENTILLATED

Question 10

If a patient is suspected of having CAP and they have no risk of other comorbidities what are the treatment options (OUTPATIENT ONLY)

Answer 10

Amoxicillin high DOSe (1 gram TID)

OR

Doxycycline

OR

Azithromycin or Clarithromycin

Question 11

If a patient is suspected of having CAP and they have other comorbidities what are the treatment options (OUTPATIENT ONLY)

Answer 11

Amoxicllin/clavulunate (oral cephalosporin also acceptable) PLUS Doxycycline or Azithromycin

OR

Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin monotherapy

Question 12

If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and they are NOT sent to the ICU what are the treatment options

Answer 12

Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime PLUS doxycycline or Azithromycin

OR

Levofloxacin or Moxifloxacin Monotherapy

Question 13

If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what are the treatment options

Answer 13

Beta-lactam PLUS Macrolide

OR

Beta-lactam PLUS Respiratory quinolone (if in ICU cannot use quinolone monotherapy)

Question 14

If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what must be added if there is a risk of MRSA

Answer 14

Vancomycin or Linezolid

Question 15

If a patient is admitted to the hospital due to CAP and ARE sent to the ICU what must be added if there is a risk of PSeudomonas

Answer 15

Pip/Tazo. cefepime, meropenem, aztreonam

Question 16

How is HAP defined

Answer 16

Pneumonia onset greater than 48 hours (Two days) after hospital admission

Question 17

How is VAP defined

Answer 17

Pneumonia onset greater than 48 hours after the start of mechanical ventilation

Question 18

If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a low risk of MRSA and Pseudomonas

Answer 18

Cefepime or Pip/Tazo

Question 19

If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a risk for MRSA but not PSeudomonas

Answer 19

Cefepime PLUS Vancomycin

Meropenem PLUS Linezolid

Question 20

If a patient has HAP/VAP and there is a risk for MRSA and Pseudomonas

Answer 20

USE ONE FOR MRSA AND TWO FOR PSEUDOMONAS:

Pip/Tazo PLUS Ciprofloxacin PLUS Vancomycin

OR

Cefepime PLUS Gentamicin PLUS Linezolid

Question 21

T/F: Positive MRSA nasal swab indicates MRSA colonization and therefore MRSA coverage should be present

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What test is used to determine if a patient has Syphillis

Answer 22

VDRL

Question 23

What is given to a patient with syphillis who also has a penicillin allergy

Answer 23

Doxycycline (but only if they are not pregnant)

Question 24

What is the first line for travelers

Answer 24

Azitrhromycin

Question 25

T/F: Rifampin is an enzyme inducer

Answer 25

True

Question 26

T/F: Daptomycin is NEVER used in pneumonia due to interfering with surfactants

Answer 26

True