Infectious Disease I Pt. 1

Question 1

What are the two common bacterial pathogens that have multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms, what are they

Answer 1

Klebsiella pneumoniae an E. Coli

Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase AND Carbapenem Resistance

Question 2

What can be given if an organism has an ESBL

Answer 2

All carbapenems and Ceftazidime/Avibactam

Question 3

What can be given if an organism has an CRE

Answer 3

Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Polymixin B

Question 4

What can be given for VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)

Answer 4

Daptomycin and Linezolid

Question 5

What antibiotics have 1:1 IV to oral dosing

Answer 5

Levofloxacin, linezolid, metronidazole, doxycycline/minocycline

Question 6

What antibiotics do not need renal dosing

Answer 6

NDO (Naficillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin), Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin, Doxyclycline, Azithromycin/Erythromycin, Metronidazole, Linezolid

Question 7

What antibiotics are concentration dependent killing

Answer 7

Aminoglycosides, Quinolones, Daptomycin

Question 8

What antibiotics are Time dependent killing

Answer 8

Penicillins

Question 9

What antibiotics are AUC over MIC dependent killing

Answer 9

Vancomycin, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and Polymixins

Question 10

What would Penicillin VK be used to treat

Answer 10

Strep throat and Mild nonpurulent skin infection (no abscess)

Question 11

What would Amoxicililin be used to treat

Answer 11

Acute Otis Media (80 to 90 mg/kg/day) AND Infective endocarditis prophylaxis (2 grams by mouth 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure)

Question 12

What are the two most common 1st generation cephalosporins, what are they most most used for

Answer 12

Cefazolin AND Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cefazolin: Surgical Prophylaxis
Cephalexin (Keflex): MSSA skin infections and Strep throat

Question 13

What are the two most common 2nd generation cephalosporins, what are they most used for

Answer 13

Cefuroxime AND Cefotetan (Cefotan)

Cefuroxime: Acute Otitis media, CAP
Cefotetan: Anaerobic coverage of B. Fragilis, surgical prophylaxis for colorectal procedures

Question 14

Which 2nd generation cephalosporin can cause a disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion

Answer 14

Cefotetan

Question 15

What are the three most common third generation cephalosporins, what are they used for

Answer 15

Cefdinir (Omnicef), Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime: Meningitis, SBP, and Pyelonephritis
CAP can be used by all three

Question 16

T/F: Ceftriaxone cannot be used in neonates aged 0 to 28 days

Answer 16

True

Question 17

T/F: Meropenem (Merrem) covers most gram positives, most gram negatives, and anaerobic pathogens

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What do carbapenems not cover for

Answer 18

Atypical pathogens, MRSA, and VRE

Question 19

What does Ertapenem (IVANZ) not cover

Answer 19

Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter (PEA)

Question 20

T/F: Aztreonam only cover gram negatives, including pseudomonas, and is usually reserved for a beta-lactam allergy

Answer 20

True

Question 21

What are carbapenems commonly used for

Answer 21

Moderate-Severe Diabetic foot infection, Empiric therapy when resistant organisms are suspected, Resistant pseudomonas or Acinetobacter infections

Question 22

What are the respiratory Quinolones

Answer 22

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Question 23

What are the antipseudomonal Quinolones

Answer 23

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

Question 24

What patients should avoid quinolones

Answer 24

Patients with a seizure history, children, pregnant patients

Question 25

What are the counseling points for quinolones

Answer 25

Avoid sun exposure, separate from cations, monitor blood sugar in patients with diabetes

Question 26

What is the only cephalosporin can be given for pseudomonas

Answer 26

Ceftaroline (Teflaro)