Infectious Disease I Pt. 1 Flashcards
What are the two common bacterial pathogens that have multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms, what are they
Klebsiella pneumoniae an E. Coli
Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase AND Carbapenem Resistance
What can be given if an organism has an ESBL
All carbapenems and Ceftazidime/Avibactam
What can be given if an organism has an CRE
Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Polymixin B
What can be given for VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)
Daptomycin and Linezolid
What antibiotics have 1:1 IV to oral dosing
Levofloxacin, linezolid, metronidazole, doxycycline/minocycline
What antibiotics do not need renal dosing
NDO (Naficillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin), Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin, Doxyclycline, Azithromycin/Erythromycin, Metronidazole, Linezolid
What antibiotics are concentration dependent killing
Aminoglycosides, Quinolones, Daptomycin
What antibiotics are Time dependent killing
Penicillins
What antibiotics are AUC over MIC dependent killing
Vancomycin, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and Polymixins
What would Penicillin VK be used to treat
Strep throat and Mild nonpurulent skin infection (no abscess)
What would Amoxicililin be used to treat
Acute Otis Media (80 to 90 mg/kg/day) AND Infective endocarditis prophylaxis (2 grams by mouth 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure)
What are the two most common 1st generation cephalosporins, what are they most most used for
Cefazolin AND Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cefazolin: Surgical Prophylaxis
Cephalexin (Keflex): MSSA skin infections and Strep throat
What are the two most common 2nd generation cephalosporins, what are they most used for
Cefuroxime AND Cefotetan (Cefotan)
Cefuroxime: Acute Otitis media, CAP
Cefotetan: Anaerobic coverage of B. Fragilis, surgical prophylaxis for colorectal procedures
Which 2nd generation cephalosporin can cause a disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion
Cefotetan
What are the three most common third generation cephalosporins, what are they used for
Cefdinir (Omnicef), Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime: Meningitis, SBP, and Pyelonephritis
CAP can be used by all three
T/F: Ceftriaxone cannot be used in neonates aged 0 to 28 days
True
T/F: Meropenem (Merrem) covers most gram positives, most gram negatives, and anaerobic pathogens
True
What do carbapenems not cover for
Atypical pathogens, MRSA, and VRE
What does Ertapenem (IVANZ) not cover
Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter (PEA)
T/F: Aztreonam only cover gram negatives, including pseudomonas, and is usually reserved for a beta-lactam allergy
True
What are carbapenems commonly used for
Moderate-Severe Diabetic foot infection, Empiric therapy when resistant organisms are suspected, Resistant pseudomonas or Acinetobacter infections
What are the respiratory Quinolones
Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin
What are the antipseudomonal Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin
What patients should avoid quinolones
Patients with a seizure history, children, pregnant patients
What are the counseling points for quinolones
Avoid sun exposure, separate from cations, monitor blood sugar in patients with diabetes
What is the only cephalosporin can be given for pseudomonas
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
