Immunopathology 3 Flashcards
Neoplasia
production of neoplasms (malignant/cancerous tumors)
Benign vs Malignant
Benign: self-limiting, does NOT spread
Malignant: grows uncontrollably and has potential to spread to other tissues
Carcinogen
Cause of cancer (exogenous or endogenous)
Carcinogenesis
Process of development of cancerous tumor
Oncology
Study of neoplasia
Metastasis
Spread of tumors to other parts of the body
Metastasis
Spread of tumors to other parts of the body
Commonly known carcinogens (4)
Hydrocarbons (from cigarettes, gas, etc)
Asbestos dust
Radiation (x-ray)
RNA/DNA Viruses (HPV, EBV)
Commonly known carcinogens (4)
Hydrocarbons (from cigarettes, gas, etc)
Asbestos dust
Radiation (x-ray)
RNA/DNA Viruses (HPV, EBV)
Characteristics of Benign vs Malignant Tumors
BENIGN:
- Similiar to host tissue
- Slow growth rate
- Does not metastasis
- Smooth encapsulated appearance
- Minimal vascularity
- Reoccurance is rare
MALIGNANT:
- Undifferentiated appearance
- Fast growth rate
- Does metastasis
- Irregular appearance
- Highly vascular
- Often reoccurrence
Characteristics of Benign vs Malignant Tumors
BENIGN:
- Similiar to host tissue
- Slow growth rate
- Does not metastasis
- Smooth encapsulated appearance
- Minimal vascularity
- Reoccurance is rare
MALIGNANT:
- Undifferentiated appearance
- Fast growth rate
- Does metastasis
- Irregular appearance
- Highly vascular
- Often reoccurrence
Define the 5 stages of tumors
Stage 0: Carcinoma In Situ (highly curable)
Stage I: Localized to one part of the body
Stage II: Early locally advanced
Stage III: Late locally advanced
Stage IV: Metastasized; end stage
Define the 5 stages of tumors
Stage 0: Carcinoma In Situ (highly curable)
Stage I: Localized to one part of the body
Stage II: Early locally advanced
Stage III: Late locally advanced
Stage IV: Metastasized; end stage
Name 4 risk factors and preventions for cancer.
RISK FACTORS:
- Family Hx
- Age > 50
- Smoking
- Overexposure to sun
PREVENTIONS:
- Cover up in the sun
- Mole Removal
- Smoking Cessation
- Medicare screenings like mammogram, prostate, colonoscopy etc
List the warning signs for cancer
ABCD’s:
A: Asymmetry
B: Border Irregularity
D: Diameter greater than 6 mm
Name 2 common tx for cancer and their side effects.
How might these affect PT tx?
TX FOR CANCER:
1. Chemotherapy: cytotoxic chemicals that destroy cancer cells (and healthy cells)
- Radiation: Concentrated radiation destroys cancer cells (and healthy cells)
SIDE EFFECTS:
nausea, diarrhea, weakness, fatigue
AFFECT ON PT TX:
- Don’t want to over fatigue pts
- Mobility, strengthening, endurance training
- Postural drainage and breathing ex.
- Watch for adhesive capsulitis with post-mastectomy care and lymphedema mngmt
Name 2 common tx for cancer and their side effects.
How might these affect PT tx?
TX FOR CANCER:
1. Chemotherapy: cytotoxic chemicals that destroy cancer cells (and healthy cells)
- Radiation: Concentrated radiation destroys cancer cells (and healthy cells)
SIDE EFFECTS:
nausea, diarrhea, weakness, fatigue
AFFECT ON PT TX:
- Don’t want to over fatigue pts
- Mobility, strengthening, endurance training
- Postural drainage and breathing ex.
- Watch for adhesive capsulitis with post-mastectomy care and lymphedema mngmt
- Functional mobility, pain mngmt
