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PHYSL 212 > IMMUNOLOGY 4 > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY 4 Flashcards

1
Q

where do B cells mature

A

bone marrow

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2
Q

what do B cells differentiate into

A

effector plasma cells

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3
Q

what is the function of effector plasma cells

A

produce antibodies

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4
Q

what is B cell receptor

A

antibody bound to B cell PM

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5
Q

what co receptor does B cell express

A

CD21

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6
Q

what does CD21 recognize

A

C3b complement protein opsonizing antigen

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7
Q

how many polypeptide chains does B cell receptor contain

A

4

  • 2 identical light chain
  • 2 heavy chains
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8
Q

what do 4 polypeptide chains contain

A
  • variable aa sequences

- constant aa sequences

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9
Q

what are variable aa sequences on B cell receptor

A

antigen binding site

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10
Q

B CELL DEVELOPMENT what does bone marrow contain

A
  1. hematopoietic stem cells

2. stromal cells

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11
Q

B CELL DEVELOPMENT what are stromal cells involved in

A

B cell development

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12
Q

B CELL DEVELOPMENT what are steps of B cell development

A
  1. stromal cells secrete cytokines
  2. cytokines stimulate hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into pro-B cells
  3. pro-B cells develop into pre-B cells
  4. pre-B cells produce a pool of daughter cells
  5. daughter cells under rearrangement of light chains
  6. pre-B cells develop into immature B cells
  7. pre-B cells migrate to spleen + express IgD antibody receptor
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13
Q

B CELL DEVELOPMENT what does light chain rearrangement in daughter cells allow

A

variability in antigen binding site

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14
Q

B CELL DEVELOPMENT what do immature B cells express

A

IgM antibody receptor

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15
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING what is the function of selection process in T cell development

A

remove cells that auto react to MCH self recognition

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16
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING what do B cells need to be tested for

A

affinity for self antigen

17
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING what 3 things may happen if B cell recognize self antigen

A
  1. receptor editing
  2. apoptosis
  3. reduced receptor expression
18
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING what is receptor editing

A

light chain rearrangement (of DNA)

19
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING what happens if receptor editing fails

A

B cell receives signals to undergo apoptosis

20
Q

RECEPTOR EDITING when will be cell expression be reduced

A

B cell recognizes self w low affinity

21
Q

T CELL DEPENDENT B CELL ACTIVATION what are steps in T cell dependent B cell activation

A
  1. B cell binds to antigen in lymphoid organ
  2. B cell digests antigen
  3. B cell presents antigen to naive T cell at same time that APC presents same antigen to naive T cell
  4. T and B cell engagement stimulates B cell differentiation into plasma cells
  5. plasma cells secrete IgM antibodies
  6. plasma cell proliferation
  7. CD8 induce isotope switching
22
Q

T CELL DEPENDENT B CELL ACTIVATION what is class switching

A

changing isotope of antibodies being produced

23
Q

T CELL DEPENDENT B CELL ACTIVATION how can isotope of antibodies be changed

A

genetic rearrangement in heavy chains

24
Q

T CELL DEPENDENT B CELL ACTIVATION what is end result of class switching

A

produce higher affinity antibodies

25
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what are 6 antibody effector mechanisms

A
  1. neutralization
  2. agglutination
  3. opsonization
  4. complement system activation
  5. NK cell recruitment
  6. degranulation
26
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what are antibodies unable to do

A

bind to pathogens inside infected cell

27
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what is the function of neutralizing antibodies

A
  1. bind to viruses’ and bacteria to prevent them from crossing epithelial barrier
  2. bind to toxins to prevent them from binding to receptor
28
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what is the function of agglutinating antibodies

A

cross link multiple antigens to cause agglutination

29
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what does agglutination reduce

A

chances of pathogens binding to our cells because they are linked to antibodies

30
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what allows for agglutination

A

multiple binding sites on antibodies

31
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what happens if antibody acts as a opsonin (3)

A
  1. antibody binds to antigen to prevent them from binding to our cells
  2. antibody Fc region binds Fc receptor on phagocyte
  3. phagocyte consumes pathogen
32
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what receptors do NK cells express

A

Fc receptors

33
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what do Fc receptors bind

A

IgG antibodies attached to surface of infected cll

34
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what does binding of IgG antibodies to Fc receptors cause

A
  1. creation of signals that cause NK cell degranulation

2. degranulation induces apoptosis of infected cell

35
Q

ANTIBODY EFFECTOR MECHANISMS what do IgE antibodies do when there is parasitic worm infection (3)

A
  1. IgE antibody binds to worm
  2. IgE antibody binds to Fc receptors on eosinophils
  3. IgE antibody triggers degranulation

PHYSL 212 (22 decks)

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