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PHYSL 212 > HEARING > Flashcards

HEARING Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what is pinna

A

flappy bit of skin on head

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2
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what are concha

A

folds in ear

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3
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR what is external auditory meatus

A

ear canal

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4
Q

ANATOMY EXTERNAL EAR where does ear canal lead to

A

tympanic mem

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5
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is middle ear filled with

A

air

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6
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is tympanic mem

A

ear drum separating middle ear from external ear

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7
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what are 3 ear ossicles

A
  1. malleus
  2. incus
  3. stapes
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8
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what does stapes press against

A

oval window

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9
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what 2 muscles attach to ossicles from wall of inner ear

A
  1. tensor tympani and 2. stapedius
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10
Q

ANATOMY MIDDLE EAR what is the function off eustachian tube

A

balance out pressure on other side of tympanic mem

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11
Q

what is in inner ear

A
  1. cochlea for heating

2. semicircular canal

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12
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR why is tympanic mem moved away from surface

A

protection

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13
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of pinna

A

funnel sound into external auditory meatus

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14
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of concha

A

enhance high freq sound from elevated source better than from horizontal source

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15
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what is the function of external auditory meatus

A

1, gather sound en

2. focus sound en onto tympanic mem

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16
Q

FUNCTIONS EXTERNAL EAR what happens when sound energy gets funnelled (large diameter to small diameter)

A

increase sound en

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17
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is the function of middle ear

A
  • impedance matching

- converting pressure waves in air to pressure waved in fluid

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18
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is impedance of air

A

low (resistance for sound-waves to travel through)

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19
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is impedance of fluid

A

high (resistance for sound-waves to travel through)

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20
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what would happen without inner ear

A

sound waves would bounce off due to impedance of fluid

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21
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR how do ossicles boost sound en

A
  1. differential diameter from tympanic mem to oval window

2. lever action

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22
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is the function of tensor tympani and stapedius

A

noise reduction system

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23
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR how does tensor tympani and stapedius reduce noise

A

muscle contraction dampens vibrations of oscines

24
Q

FUNCTIONS MIDDLE EAR what is noise reduction system designed for

A

sudden loud noises

25
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what are 3 chambers

A
  1. scala vestibuli
  2. scala media
  3. scala tympani
26
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what separates scala vestibuli from scala media

A

reissner’s mem

27
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what separates scala media from scala tympani

A

basilar mem

28
Q

what is scala vestibuli and scala tympani filled w

A

perilymph

29
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is cochlear duct filled w

A

endolymph

30
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is scala media and scala tympani

A

1 tube wrapped around scala media

31
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what is basilar mem composed of

A

fibres

  • narrow and stiff close to base
  • broad and flexible close to apex
32
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR what do differences in fibres of basil mem allow

A

detecting high freq and low freq

33
Q

FUNCTIONS OF INNER EAR where does organ or corti rest

A

basilar mem

34
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is tectorial mem

A

mem that is anchored on one end and floats freel on other

35
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what kind of cells are inner hair cells

A

sensory cells

36
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is the function of 3 rows of outer hair cells

A

motor function

37
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is the function of stapes

A
  1. push oval window in

2. generate pressure waves in fluid

38
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what happens when pressure waves generated

A
  1. wave propagates from base to apex

2. hair cells brush / shear against tectorial mem

39
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what do har cells contain

A

cilia

40
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI how are cilia arranged

A

shortest to tallest

41
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI when is sound observed

A

when hair cells move in direction towards tallest cilia

42
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI when is sound not observed

A

when hair cells move in direction towards smallest cilia

43
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what does endolymph have high concentration of

A

K

44
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what does endolymph have low concentration of

A

Na

45
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is potential of endolymph

A

pos

46
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is potential of hair cells

A

neg

47
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what didoes potential diff bw endolymph and hair cells allow

A

movement of K ions from endolymph to hair cells

48
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is the only part of hair cell that sticks into endolymph

A

cilia

49
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI why do hair cells have neg have change

A

most of hair cell located in perilymph (neg)

50
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what happens when shear tilts hair cells towards tallest one

A
  1. K channels open
  2. K enters hair cell
  3. graded potnetial in hair cells
  4. AP propagates to auditory canal
  5. AP propagates to auditory cortex in brain
51
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what happens as sound waves travel from base to apex of basilar mem

A
  1. increase in amplitude

2. increase in velocity

52
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement of wave determined by

A

freq of sound

53
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement for high freq wave

A

near base

54
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI what is max displacement for low freq wave

A

near apex

55
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI where is round window located

A

mem of scala tympani

56
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI wha t is the function of round window

A
  • dissipating energy that has not been absorbed (+ causing basilar mem to vibrate)
  • dissipating energy that has not been processed
57
Q

ORGAN OF CORTI how does round window vibrate

A

inner to mid

PHYSL 212 (22 decks)

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