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PHYSL 212 > CARDIO 3 > Flashcards

CARDIO 3 Flashcards

1
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP how does resting mem potential of ventricular myocyte differ from resting mem potential of slow type AP

A

flat

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2
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is required in ventricular myocytes to bring mem potential to threshold

A

stimulus

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3
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is resting mem of ventricular myocytes most permeable to

A

K

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4
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is resting mem potential of ventricular myocytes close to

A

K eq potential

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5
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens during depol

A
  • Na channels open

- Na moves into cell

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6
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is rate of depol in ventricular myocytes

A

fast

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7
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP why is depol in ventricular myocytes fast

A

Na moves into cell fast

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8
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens after rapid depol

A

notch

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9
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is notch

A

partial repol

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10
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is responsible for notch

A

K channels that open transiently

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11
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens after notch

A

plateau

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12
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is responsible for plateau

A
  • opening of L type Ca channels (Ca in)

- opening of K channels (K out)

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13
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens as plateau continues

A
  1. L type Ca channels begin to close

2. more K channels open

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14
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what are 5 phases of ventricular myocyte AP

A
  1. resting
  2. depol
  3. notch
  4. plateau
  5. repol
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15
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens to Na permeability when fast voltage gated Na channels close and become inactivated

A

mem permeability to Na drops

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16
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what K currents correspond to (1) resting (2) notch (3) repol

A
  1. resting ==> inward rectifying current
  2. notch ==> transient outward current
  3. plateau + repol ==> delayed rectifying current
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17
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what channels correspond to K currents

A
  1. resting, inward rectifying current, iK1
  2. notch, transient outward, ito
  3. plateau + repol , delayed rectifying, IKr and IKs
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18
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what happens when ito channels open

A

slight increase in K permeability

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19
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is the function of IKr channel opening

A

maintaining plateau

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20
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP wha tis the funciton of IKs channel opening

A

repolarizing

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21
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is the function of iK1 channels

A
  1. setting resting potential

2. maintaining resting potential

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22
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP when does iK1 current increase

A

when returning to resting mem potential (high iK1 permeability)

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23
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP when does iK1 current decrease

A

when depolarizing (low iK1 permeability)

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24
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what is responsible for closing L type Ca channels during plateau phase

A

ito

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25
Q

VENTRICULAR MUSCLE CELL AP what channel does L type Ca channel close during plateau phase

A

iK1

26
Q

what kind of AP in SA node conducing cells

A

slow

27
Q

what kind of AP in AV node conducting cells

A

slow

28
Q

what is the difference bw SA node conducting cells AP and AV node conducting cell AP

A

AV node conducting cells take longer to reach threshold

29
Q

why does SA node set heart rate

A

reaches threshold potential first

30
Q

what kind of AP in atrial myocardium contractile cells

A

fast

31
Q

what kind of AP in ventricular myocardium contractile cells

A

fast

32
Q

how are atrial myocardial contractile cell AP diff from ventricular myocardial contractile cell AP

A

atria, shorter AP, shorter plateau

ventricles, longer AP, longer plateau

33
Q

ECG what is first electrical event in conduction pathway

A

depol of myocytes in SA node

34
Q

ECG what does P wave represent

A

depol atria

35
Q

ECG what does width of P wave represent

A

how long it takes atrial myocytes to contract

36
Q

ECG what does QRS complex consist of

A
  1. downward deflection (Q)
  2. upward deflection (R)
  3. downward deflection (S)
37
Q

ECG what does QRS complex represent

A

depol ventricles

38
Q

ECG what does width of QRS complex represent

A

how long it takes ventricular myocytes to depol

39
Q

ECG what does Q represent

A

wave of depol as AP travels down inter-ventricular septum

40
Q

ECG what does RS represent

A

wave of depol as AP travels from apex up

41
Q

ECG what is happening at same time that ventricle depol

A

atria repol

42
Q

ECG what is missing on ECG

A
  1. SA node myocyte depol
  2. AV node myocyte depol
  3. bundle of his myocyte depol
  4. bundle branches myocyte depol
  5. purkinje fibre myocyte depol
  6. atrial myocyte repol
43
Q

ECG what does T wave represent

A

repol ventricles

44
Q

ECG what is PR interval

A
  • beginning of P wave

- beginning of QRS complex

45
Q

ECG what does PR interval represent (2)

A
  1. atria depol

2. AV delay

46
Q

ECG what is QT interval

A
  • beginning of QRS complex

- end of T wave

47
Q

ECG what is QT interval measure of

A

ventricular AP

48
Q

ECG what is ST segment

A
  • end of QRS

- start of T

49
Q

ECG what does ST segment look like

A

flat

50
Q

ECG what does ST segment represent

A

plateau phase of fast AP

51
Q

what is AV node block

A
  • AV node damage
52
Q

what is result of AV node block

A

impair conduction of AP from atria to ventricles

53
Q

what happens in partial AV node block

A

every other signal conducted from atria to ventricles

54
Q

what does partial AV node block look like on ECG

A

every second wave lacks

  • QRS complex
  • T wave
55
Q

what happens in complete AV node block

A

no signal conducted from atria to ventricles

56
Q

what does complete AV node look like on ECG

A

no synchrony bw atria and ventricles

57
Q

in complete AV node block what part of conducting system generating AP s to stimulate ventricles

A

bundle of his

58
Q

what is excitation contraction coupling

A

process by which arrival of AP at cell mem leads to myocyte contraction

59
Q

when does extracellular Ca enter myocyte

A

when L type Ca channels open during plateau phase

60
Q

what is the function of Ca that enters myocyte during plateau phase

A
  1. Ca binds to ryanodine receptors of SR
  2. SR releases Ca into cyto

(Ca induced Ca release)

61
Q

what are steps of excitation contraction coupling in cardiac myocyte

A
  1. t tubules bring excitation into myocyte
  2. myocyte increases CA permeability during plateau phase
  3. Ca enters myocyte through L type Ca channels in sarcolemma and t tubules
  4. Ca binds to ryanodine receptors
  5. SR releases Ca into cyto
  6. Ca concentration in cyto increases
  7. Ca binds to troponin
  8. Regulatory complex undergoes conformational change to allow for actin myosin interaction

PHYSL 212 (22 decks)

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