Immunology Flashcards
1
Q
Sigmoid colon drains to which lymph node
A
Inferior mesenteric
2
Q
Upper rectum drains to which lymph node
A
Pararectal
3
Q
Lower rectum (above pectinate line) drains to which lymph node
A
Internal Iliac
4
Q
Lower rectum (below pectinate line) drains to which lymph node
A
Superficial inguinal
5
Q
Arm & Lateral breast drains to which lymph node
A
axillary
6
Q
Lateral foot drains to which lymph node
A
popliteal
7
Q
Thigh drains to which lymph node
A
superficial inguinal
8
Q
Stomach drains to which lymph node
A
celiac
9
Q
Duodenum & Jejunum drains to which lymph node
A
superior mesenteric
10
Q
Testes drains to which lymph node
A
para-aortic
11
Q
Scrotum drains to which lymph node
A
superficial inguinal
12
Q
Right arm & Right half of head drains to which lymph node
A
Right lymphatic duct
13
Q
Thoracic duct dumps into
A
junction b/w left subclavian & internal jugular
14
Q
Cells of the adaptive immune system
A
B & T lymphocytes
15
Q
Components of the innate immune system
A
Macrophages, Dendritic cells, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, NK cells, Mast cells
Complement proteins, skin, protective barriers
16
Q
Peyer patches location
A
Lamina propria of Ileum
17
Q
M-cells of Peyer patches
A
bring Ags across the epithelium to interact w/ immune system
18
Q
Germinal Center
A
collection of mature plasma cells
19
Q
Lymph node site for B-cells
A
Cortex (follicles of the cortex)
20
Q
Lymph node site for T-cells
A
Paracortex
21
Q
Lymph node site for plasma cells
A
Medullary cords
22
Q
Lymph node site for Macrophages
A
Medullary sinus
23
Q
Conditions associated w/ HLA-B27
A
“PAIR” Psoriatic arthritis, Akylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel ds, Reactive Arthritis
24
Q
Conditions associated w/ HLA-DR3 & -DR4
A
Type I Diabetes
25
Cell types that present to CD4+ T cells
Dendritic cells, Macrophages, B-cells
26
Molecules on the surface of Dendritic cells
CD40, B7, MHC class I & II
27
Langerhans cells
dendritic cells found in the epidermal layers of the skin
28
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - cell markers
S100 & CD1a
29
Langerhans cell histiocytosis - Histology
Birbeck granules
30
CD3
Found on lymphocytes, allows for intracellular signaling
31
CD4+ T cells bind
MHC Class II
32
CD8+ T cells bind
MHC Class I
33
Genes that code for MHC Class II molecules
HLA-A, -B, -C
34
Genes that code for MHC Class I molecules
HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ
35
Positive Selection of T cells
ability to bind MHC I or II
36
Negative Selection
inability to bind self antigen
37
Location of Positive Selection of T cells
Cortex
38
Location of Negative Selection of T cells
Corticomedullary junction
39
Th1 cells release
IL-2, IFN-gamma
40
Th2 cells release
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
41
Th1 cell differentiation is activated by
IL-12
42
Th2 cell differentiation is activated by
IL-4
43
Th1 cell differentiation is inhibited by
IL-10
44
Th2 cell differentiation is activated by
IFN-gamma
45
Th1 stimulates activation and proliferation of
Cytotoxic T-cells & Macrophages
46
Th2 stimulates activation and proliferation of
Th2, B-cells
47
IL-2 causes
proliferation of T cells
48
IL-4 causes
proliferation of B-cells & Th0-->Th2
49
IL-5 causes
proliferation of B-cells
50
IL-10 causes
inhibits Th-->Th1 & macrophages
51
IL-12 causes
activates Th0-->Th1
52
IFN-gamma causes
activates macrophages & inhibits Th2
53
NK cells are enhanced by
IL-12, IL-2, IFN-alpha, IFN-beta
54
NK cells secretes
IFN-gamma
55
NK cells surface markers
CD16, CD56
56
CD16 -->
binds constant region of antibody to induce (ADCC) Antibody-Dependent Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
57
Helper T cell surface marker that binds B7 on APC
CD28
58
B cell activation
B-cell Ab binds Ag, B-cell acts as APC to Th2 (CD40 binds CD40L); Th2 secretes IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 to activate B-cells
59
Hyperacute transplant rejection
type II HSN (Ab-mediated) occurs in min-hrs
60
Acute transplant rejection
cell-mediated, Tc cells attack foreign MHC I; occurs over wks-mos
61
Chronic transplant rejection
Mediated by Ab & T-cells, cytotoxic T-cells treat transplant cell as self cells presenting foreign antigen
62
Chronic transplant rejection features
fibrosis, vascular damage, & irreversible damage
63
Graft-v-Host transplant rejection
grafted T-cells attack host --> maculopapular rash, hemolysis/jaundice, HSM, n/v, diarrhea
64
Test for Chronic Granulomatous Ds
negative Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT) test
65
Anti-endomysial
Celiac Disease
66
Anti-tissue transglutaminase
Celiac Disease
67
Anti-gliadin
Celiac Disease
68
Bruton Agammaglobulinemia - defect?
BTK (tyrosine kinase) defect --> no B cell maturation
69
Bruton Agammaglobulinemia - S/S
recurrent bacterial & enteroviral infections after 6mo (maternal IgG decreases)
70
Bruton Agammaglobulinemia - Immune findings
Normal CD19+ B cell count, low Ig of all classes
71
Selective IgA Deficiency - defect?
unknown; most common
72
Selective IgA Deficiency - S/S
aSx or airway & GI infections, AI ds, Atopy, Anaphylaxis to IgA-containing products
73
Selective IgA Deficiency - Immune findings
Low IgA, normal IgG, IgM
74
Common variable immunodeficiency - defect?
defect in B-cell differentiation
75
Common variable immunodeficiency - S/S
acquired in 20-30s, risk of AI ds, bronchiectasis, lymphoma
76
Common variable immunodeficiency - Immune findings
low plasma cells & low Igs
77
DiGeorge Syndome - Thymic Aplasia - defect
22q11 deletion --> failure of the 3-4 pharyngeal pouches to develop
78
DiGeorge Syndome - Thymic Aplasia - S/S
Hypocalcemia, recurrent viral/fungal infections, TA or ToF,
79
DiGeorge Syndome - Thymic Aplasia - Findings
Low T-cells, Low PTH, Low Ca2+, absent thymic shadow, 22q11 deletion w/ FISH
80
IL-12 Receptor Deficiency - defect
AR IL-12 receptor defect --> Low Th1 response
81
IL-12 Receptor Deficiency - S/S
Disseminated mycobacterial & fungal infections, may present after BCG vaccine
82
IL-12 Receptor Deficiency - Findings
low IFN-gamma (IL-12 --> Th1 --> IFN-gamma --> macrophages)
83
Hyper-IgE Syndrome - defect
Deficient Th17 cells d/t STAT3 mutation --> impaired neutrophil chemotaxis
84
Hyper-IgE Syndrome - S/S
Coarse facies, cold staphylococcal abscesses, retained primary teeth, high IgE, Eczema
85
Hyper-IgE Syndrome - Findings
High IgE, Low IFN-gamma
86
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - defect?
T-cell dysfunction
87
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - S/S
C. albicans infections
88
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) - defect?
Defective IL-2R gamma chain (X-linked) or Adenosine Deaminase deficiency (AR)
89
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) - S/S
failure to thrive, diarrhea, thrush, recurrent viral, fungal, & bacterial infections (bone marrow transplant needed)
90
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) - Findings
Low T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC), absent thymic shadow, absent germinal centers in lymph nodes, & absent T cells
91
Ataxia-Telangiectasia - defect
ATM gene defect --> dsDNA breaks --> cell cycle arrest
92
Ataxia-Telangiectasia - Sx
ataxia, spider angiomas, IgA def
93
Ataxia-Telangiectasia - Findings
high AFP, low IgA, IgG & IgE, lymphopenia, cerebellar atrophy
94
Hyper-IgM Syndrome - defect
CD40L defect --> class switching defect
95
Hyper-IgM Syndrome - S/S
pyogenic infections, pneumocystis, Cryptosporidium, CMV
96
Hyper-IgM Syndrome - Findings
High IgM, Low IgG, IgE, IgA
97
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome - defect
WAS gene mutation --> unable to rearrange actin cytoskeleton
98
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome - S/S
Thrombocytopenia purpura, eczema, recurrent infections
99
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome - findings
low IgG, IgM, High IgE, IgA
100
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency - defect
LFA-1 integrin (CD18) defect --> impaired migration & chemotaxis
101
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency - S/S
recurrent bacterial infections w/ ABSENCE of pus, impaired wound healing, delayed umbilical cord separation
102
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency - Findings
high neutrophils, but no neutrophils at infection site
103
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome - defect
Defective lysosomal trafficking regulator gene (LYST) --> MT dysfunction inhibiting phagosome & lysosome fusion
104
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome - S/S
pyogenic infections, albinism, peripheral neuropathy, neurodegeneration, infiltrative lymphohistiocytosis
105
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome - Findings
Giant granules in neutrophils and platelets, pancytopenia, mild coagulation defects
106
Chronic Granulomatous Disease - defect
NADPH oxidase defect --> absent respiratory burst
107
Chronic Granulomatous Disease - S/S
susceptibility to Catalase + organisms (PLACESS)
108
Chronic Granulomatous Disease - Findings
abnormal dihydrorhodamine test, negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye test
