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DIT > Endocrinology > Flashcards

Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones that use cAMP Signaling Pathway

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, b-hCG, MSH, GnRH, CRH, PTH, Calcitonin, Glucagon, V2

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2
Q

Hormones that use cGMP Signaling Pathway

A

NO, ANP

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3
Q

Hormones that use IP3 Signaling Pathway

A

GnRH, TRH, Oxytocin, V1

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4
Q

Hormones that use Steroid Receptor Signaling Pathway

A

Sex hormones, Glucocorticoids, Aldosterone, TH, Vitamin D

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5
Q

What hormones increases blood glucose levels & decreases protein synthesis?

A

Glucocorticoids

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6
Q

Oxytocin is produced in

A

Paraventricular nucleus of the Hypothalamus

-> Posterior Pituitary

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7
Q

ANH is secreted from

A

atria of the heart

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8
Q

Vasopressin is produced in

A

Supraoptic nucleus of the Hypothalamus

-> Posterior Pituitary

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9
Q

Calcitonin is secreted from

A

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid

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10
Q

Glucocorticoids are secreted from

A

Zona fasciculata of Adrenal Cortex

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11
Q

Glucagon is secreted from

A

alpha-cells of the pancreas

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12
Q

Insulin secreted from

A

beta-cells of the pancreas

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13
Q

Epi & NE are secreted from

A

Chromaffin cells of the Adrenal Medulla

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14
Q

Somatostatin is secreted from

A

delta-cells of the pancreas

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15
Q

Mineralcorticoids are secreted from

A

zona glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex

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16
Q

Mineralcorticoids are secreted from

A

zona glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex

17
Q

ADH Functions

A

increases H2O permeability in the collecting duct (decrease urine volume) & vasoconstriction (increase BP)

18
Q

ADH is released in response to

A

Nicotine, Opiates, High serum osmolarity, low BP

19
Q

ADH release is inhibited by

A

EtOH, ANF, low Serum osmolarity, high BP

20
Q

Oxytocin is released in response to

A

cervical dilation & suckling

21
Q

Oxytocin release is inhibited by

A

EtOH, stress

22
Q

POMC is cleaved into

A

ACTH, MSH, Lipotropin, b-endorphins

23
Q

Why would Primary Adrenal Insufficiency cause hyperpigmentation?

A

low cortisol -> increased release of ACTH from POMC (increases MSH release)

24
Q

Hyperprolactinoma Sx

A

Hypogonadism - infertility, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopia

25
Q

Prolactin release is stimulated by

A

TRH, nipple stimulation, stress

26
Q

Prolactin release is inhibited by

A

Dopamine

27
Q

Tx for Prolactinoma

A

Bromocriptine (DA agonist)

28
Q

Somatostatin function

A

reduces BF to GIT, reduces pancreatic enzyme secretion, reduces hormone secretion from CNS & PNS

29
Q

Octreotide is a

A

Somatostatin analog

30
Q

Octreotide is used to Tx

A

Pituitary excess, GI endocrine excess, reduce splanchnic BF

31
Q

Sheehan Syndrome

A

post-partum hemorrhage infracting the ant. pituitary -> hypopituitarism -> inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance

32
Q

Acromegaly & Gigantism

A

GH excess -> coarse facial features, large tongue, hands, feet, deep voice (children are tall)

33
Q

Which hormones share the same alpha subunit?

A

LH, FSH, TSH, b-hCG

34
Q

Empty Sella

A

sella turcica is replaced by an empty space -> often ASx or may have pituitary deficiencies

35
Q

Empty Sella

A

sella turcica is replaced by an empty space -> often ASx or may have pituitary deficiencies

36
Q

What effect on pituitary hormones can antipsychotics have?

A

DA antagonists -> increase Prolactin levels

37
Q

What effect on pituitary hormones can antipsychotics have?

A

DA antagonists -> increase Prolactin levels

38
Q

What effect on pituitary hormones can antipsychotics have?

A

DA antagonists -> increase Prolactin levels

39
Q

What effect on pituitary hormones can antipsychotics have?

A

DA antagonists -> increase Prolactin levels

DIT (22 decks)

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