Immune System Flashcards
Lymphocytes
What type of cell are lymphocytes?
Found in what organs?
Where do they originate?
WBC/leukocyte
Found mainly in lymphatic organs
Originate in the bone marrow
Lymphocytes
Where do T-cells mature?
What about B- cells?
Thymus
Bone Marrow
Lymphocytes
What are the 3 classes of lymphocytes?
3 classes: T cells, B cells, NK cells
Innate Immune System
What is the innate immune system?
What type of response does it generate?
First line of defense
Generates a nonspecific immune response (generalized)
Innate Immune System
What are the 2 parts of innate immunity?
External immunity
Internal immunity
Innate Immune System
External immunity
Physical/physiological barriers preventing pathogen entry
Barriers include skin, mucous membranes, and chemical secretions.
Innate Immune System
Internal immunity
What is it composed of?
Internal defenses to neutralize pathogens that have entered
Composed of inflammatory response, complement proteins, phagocytic and NK cells.
Innate Immune System
What is the first layer of innate immunity?
The outer walls of our body like the skin, cilia, stomach acid and symbiotic bacteria
Innate Immune System
Within the skin, what is the important enzyme used to break down bacterial cell walls?
Lysozyme is used to break down bacterial cell walls
Sebum is a barrier that also has ________ properties.
antimicrobial
Inflammatory Responses
What is the leukocytes responsible for the first part of the immune response? What is this response called?
Mast cells
Rally signaling
Inflammatory Responses
If there is an injury, mast cells will release ______, which ______ blood vessels.
histamine, dilates
- this allows for more immune cells to be let into the tissues!
Inflammatory Responses
What are the 5 signs of inflammation?
SLIPR
swelling, loss of function, increased heat, pain, redness
Inflammatory Responses
_____ blood flow results in a ______ temperature.
increased, higher
Immune Cells and Molecules
Diapedesis is the process by which…?
Cells move from the capillaries to the tissues in order to fight pathogens
Immune Cells and Molecules
______ is the method by which cells move in response to a chemical signal.
Chemotaxis
Immune Cells and Molecules
Granulocytes are part of what immune system? What makes them special?
Innate immune system
WBC that has specific granules in their cytoplasm
Immune Cells and Molecules
How many types of granulocytes are there? Name them
4
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Mast cells.
Immune Cells and Molecules
List the 5 main types of leukocytes from highest to lowest in quantity
Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
Immune Cells and Molecules
Neutrophils
Phagocytes in innate immunity
First cells to be recruited to a site of inflammation
Immune Cells and Molecules
T/F: B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells are all part of innate immunity
FALSE, only NK cells are part of innate. B/T cells are part of adaptive immunity
Immune Cells and Molecules
NK Cells
What do they attack?
What 2 things do they use?
Attack virally-infected cells + cancerous cells
Use perforin (create holes) & granzyme (stimulate apoptosis) to lyse cells
B and T cells are part of _____ immunity and must be ______.
adaptive, activated
____ and ____ cells are the most common type of leukocyte found in _____.
B and T, lymph
Immune Cells and Molecules
Explain the similarities/difference between Macrophages and Monocytes
Both are phagocytes in innate immunity.
Monocytes are the immature form found in blood vessels
Macrophages are the mature form after diapedesis
Immune Cells and Molecules
What are the 2 phagocytes in innate immunity?
Macrophages and Neutrophils
Immune Cells and Molecules
What cells can also act as antigen-presenting cells to activate adaptive immunity
Monocytes/Macrophages and Dendritic cells
Immune Cells and Molecules
Eosinophils
What immunity is it part of?
What type of cell is it?
- Part of innate immunity
- Type of granulocyte
- Have granules that can be released to kill pathogens/parasites