Cells and Organelles

Question 1

cell membrane?

Answer 1

separates interior of the cell from extracell enviro

Question 2

rough er?

Answer 2

translation & folding of new proteins
- GLYCOSYLATION!

Question 3

smooth er?

Answer 3

detoxification, lipid synthesis, hormone communication

Question 4

golgi apparatus?

Answer 4

storing, modifying & exporting of proteins & vacuole synthesis

Question 5

nucleus?

Answer 5

controls cell growth, DNA replication/translation

Question 6

nucleolus?

Answer 6

synthesis of rRNA

Question 7

lysosome?

Answer 7

hydrolytic enzyme synthesis & digestive enzyme synthesis

Question 8

proteasome?

Answer 8

protein complexes that degrade proteins

Question 9

peroxisomes?

Answer 9

detoxification & uses hydrogen peroxide

Question 10

mitochondria?

Answer 10

produces ATP

Question 11

ribosomes?

Answer 11

protein synthesis

Question 12

phospholipid structure

Answer 12

glycerol backbone
1 phosphate group (hydrophilic)
2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic)

Question 13

what is cell mem made up of?

Answer 13

phospholipids, cholesterol and membrane proteins

Question 14

Simple diffusion

Answer 14

flow of small, uncharged, nonpolar substances DOWN concentration gradient
NO ENERGY USED
Ex. osmosis

Question 15

Facilitated transport

Answer 15

Have uni, symport and antiporters
Passion diffusion is an ex. of this

Question 16

Passive diffusion

Answer 16

Type of facilitated transport
Substances go DOWN concen. gradient
NO ENERGY USED
USES CHANNEL PROTEIN
Ex. porins

Question 17

Active transport

Answer 17

2 types: Primary and Secondary

Question 18

Primary active transport

Answer 18

uses ATP hydrolysis to pump molecules AGAINST their concentration gradient
ex. Na/K pump

Question 19

Secondary active transport

Answer 19

uses FREE energy released when other molecules flow down their concentration gradient to pump across
gradient established by primary active transport