Cardio System Flashcards
Invertebrate Circulation
No circulatory system
Use simple diffusion to distribute nutrients
Invertebrate Circulation
Open circulatory system
Pumps fluid called hemolymph into sinuses or hemocoel
Invertebrate Circulation
Closed circulatory system
Use a pumping heart to move blood through vessels
Vertebrate Circulation
Fish have how many chambers in their hearts?
2-chambered hearts (atrium and ventricle)
Vertebrate Circulation
Amphibians and reptiles have how many chambers in their hearts?
3-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 1 ventricle)
Vertebrate Circulation
Alligators, birds and humans have how many chambers in their hearts?
4-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 2 ventricles)
AV valve is attached to _______ muscles, which contract to close the AV valves and prevent backflow of blood.
papillary
What valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle
tricuspid valve
What valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
bicuspid valve
Lub sound comes from what
AV Valves closing
Dub sound comes from what
SL Valves closing
_____ valves are a type of valve in veins.
Blood clotting cascade steps
- Tissue damage
- Platelet activation
- Thromboplastin release
- Formation of clot
Explain what happens during tissue damage
Damaged tissue tears blood vessel walls, exposing their collagen
Explain what happens during platelet activation
Activated platelets aggregate @ site of the tear, forming a platelet plug
Explain what happens during thromboplastin release
Activated platelets thromboplastin, this converts prothrombin (inactive precursor) → thrombin (active form)
Explain what happens during formation of clot
- Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen (inactive precursor) → fibrin (active form)
- Fibrin forms a **blood clot* (hemostatic plug).
What is the most common WBC?
Neutrophil
______ are our immune cells and defend against infection.
WBC
T/F: Platelets and erythrocytes have a nucleus
FALSE, they don’t
Large bone marrow cells called ________ are the precursor to platelets
megakaryocytes
A ________ in ______ ___ will lead to increased bleeding (no clotting!)
deficiency, Vitamin K
What type of immunity are platelets associated with?
Innate
Plasma contains _____, _____, _____, and ____
water, protein, nutrients and hormones
What antigen does Type A blood have?
What antibodies?
A antigen
Anti-B antibodies
What antigen does Type B blood have?
What antibodies?
B antigen
Anti-A antibodies
What antigen does Type O blood have?
What antibodies?
has NO ANTIGENS
Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies
What antigen does Type AB blood have?
What antibodies?
has A and B antigens
NO antibodies
Universal donor?
O-
Universal acceptor?
AB+
Rh + means you ___ have the Rh factor
Rh - means you ___ have the Rh factor
+ DO
- DON’T
Rh+ CANNOT be given to Rh-
Fetal circulation
Oxygenated blood in the right atrium goes to the left atrium via the ____ ______
foramen ovale
Ductus venosus
Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava
Ductus arteriosus
Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta
Preventing oxygen-poor blood from traveling to the brain.
Umbilical artery
Carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
Umbilical vein
Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical cord
Erythroblastosis Fetalis
If mother has Rh-, but has a Rh+ fetus, the mother will develop _____ ______ ________ and if pregnant again with Rh+ fetus, these will _____ the fetus.
anti Rh+ antibodies, attack
Components of lymphatic system
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, adenoids, the spleen, and the thymus.
_______ pressure, a type of osmotic pressure, brings fluid back into the capillaries at the ______ end.
Oncotic, venule
________ pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries on the _______ end into interstitial space.
Hydrostatic, arterial
What are the centers for immune response?
Lymph nodes
T/F: Lymph vessels have pressure
FALSE, skeletal muscle contraction is their “pressure”
________ concentration influences lymph volume.
Solute
If there is an _______ amount of proteins within the blood vessels, water will flow into these vessels, ______ the amount of water left in the interstitial fluid and _______ lymph volume.
increased, reducing, decreasing
The pulmonary artery contains the most _______ blood.
deoxygenated
The pulmonary _____ contains the most oxygenated blood.
vein
