Cardio System

Question 1

Invertebrate Circulation

No circulatory system

Answer 1

Use simple diffusion to distribute nutrients

Question 2

Invertebrate Circulation

Open circulatory system

Answer 2

Pumps fluid called hemolymph into sinuses or hemocoel

Question 3

Invertebrate Circulation

Closed circulatory system

Answer 3

Use a pumping heart to move blood through vessels

Question 4

Vertebrate Circulation

Fish have how many chambers in their hearts?

Answer 4

2-chambered hearts (atrium and ventricle)

Question 5

Vertebrate Circulation

Amphibians and reptiles have how many chambers in their hearts?

Answer 5

3-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 1 ventricle)

Question 6

Vertebrate Circulation

Alligators, birds and humans have how many chambers in their hearts?

Answer 6

4-chambered hearts (2 atriums and 2 ventricles)

Question 7

AV valve is attached to _______ muscles, which contract to close the AV valves and prevent backflow of blood.

Answer 7

papillary

Question 8

What valve allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Answer 8

tricuspid valve

Question 9

What valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle

Answer 9

bicuspid valve

Question 10

Lub sound comes from what

Answer 10

AV Valves closing

Question 11

Dub sound comes from what

Answer 11

SL Valves closing

Question 12

_____ valves are a type of valve in veins.

Answer 12

Pocket

Question 13

Blood clotting cascade steps

Answer 13

1. Tissue damage
2. Platelet activation
3. Thromboplastin release
4. Formation of clot

Question 14

Explain what happens during tissue damage

Answer 14

Damaged tissue tears blood vessel walls, exposing their collagen

Question 15

Explain what happens during platelet activation

Answer 15

Activated platelets aggregate @ site of the tear, forming a platelet plug

Question 16

Explain what happens during thromboplastin release

Answer 16

Activated platelets thromboplastin, this converts prothrombin (inactive precursor) → thrombin (active form)

Question 17

Explain what happens during formation of clot

Answer 17

• Activated thrombin converts fibrinogen (inactive precursor) → fibrin (active form)
• Fibrin forms a **blood clot* (hemostatic plug).

Question 18

What is the most common WBC?

Answer 18

Neutrophil

Question 19

______ are our immune cells and defend against infection.

Answer 19

WBC

Question 20

T/F: Platelets and erythrocytes have a nucleus

Answer 20

FALSE, they don’t

Question 21

Large bone marrow cells called ________ are the precursor to platelets

Answer 21

megakaryocytes

Question 22

A ________ in ______ ___ will lead to increased bleeding (no clotting!)

Answer 22

deficiency, Vitamin K

Question 23

What type of immunity are platelets associated with?

Answer 23

Innate

Question 24

Plasma contains _____, _____, _____, and ____

Answer 24

water, protein, nutrients and hormones

Question 25

What antigen does Type A blood have? What antibodies?

Answer 25

A antigen Anti-B antibodies

Question 26

What antigen does Type B blood have? What antibodies?

Answer 26

B antigen Anti-A antibodies

Question 27

What antigen does Type O blood have? What antibodies?

Answer 27

has NO ANTIGENS Anti-A & Anti-B antibodies

Question 28

What antigen does Type AB blood have? What antibodies?

Answer 28

has A and B antigens NO antibodies

Question 29

Universal donor?

Answer 29

O-

Question 30

Universal acceptor?

Answer 30

AB+

Question 31

Rh + means you ___ have the Rh factor Rh - means you ___ have the Rh factor

Answer 31

+ DO - DON'T **Rh+ CANNOT be given to Rh-**

Question 32

# Fetal circulation Oxygenated blood in the right atrium goes to the left atrium via the ____ ______

Answer 32

foramen ovale

Question 33

Ductus venosus

Answer 33

Connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava

Question 34

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 34

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta Preventing oxygen-poor blood from traveling to the brain.

Question 35

Umbilical artery

Answer 35

Carries **deoxygenated** blood from the fetus to the placenta

Question 36

Umbilical vein

Answer 36

Carries **oxygenated** blood from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical cord

Question 37

# Erythroblastosis Fetalis If mother has Rh-, but has a Rh+ fetus, the mother will develop _____ ______ ________ and if pregnant again with Rh+ fetus, these will _____ the fetus.

Answer 37

anti Rh+ antibodies, attack

Question 38

Components of lymphatic system

Answer 38

lymph nodes, lymph vessels, adenoids, the spleen, and the thymus.

Question 39

_______ pressure, a type of osmotic pressure, brings fluid back into the capillaries at the ______ end.

Answer 39

Oncotic, venule

Question 40

________ pressure pushes fluid out of the capillaries on the _______ end into interstitial space.

Answer 40

Hydrostatic, arterial

Question 41

What are the centers for immune response?

Answer 41

Lymph nodes

Question 42

T/F: Lymph vessels have pressure

Answer 42

FALSE, skeletal muscle contraction is their "pressure"

Question 43

________ concentration influences lymph volume.

Answer 43

Solute

Question 44

If there is an _______ amount of proteins within the blood vessels, water will flow into these vessels, ______ the amount of water left in the interstitial fluid and _______ lymph volume.

Answer 44

increased, reducing, decreasing

Question 45

The pulmonary artery contains the most _______ blood.

Answer 45

deoxygenated

Question 46

The pulmonary _____ contains the most oxygenated blood.

Answer 46

vein