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DAT BIO > Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Diversity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Are archaea single-celled?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Prokaryotes do not contain _______. These are only found in the membranes of
_________, not prokaryotes.

A

Steroids, eukaryotes

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3
Q

Characteristics of Gram - bacteria

A

LONG
THIN pepto layer
Lipopolysacc
Outer membrane
Negative
Gram
-stains pink
-little amt of peptidoglycan
LPS released when bacteria destroyed
Outer membrane present
Periplasm
Endotoxins & Exotoxins

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4
Q

Characteristics of Gram + bacteria

A

PPT
THICK pepto layer
Purple
NO LPS
Contain technoic acid
Exotoxins ONLY

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5
Q

Where are exotoxins?

A

In + bacteria only

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6
Q

Where are endotoxins?

A

In both +/- bacteria
LPS is an endotoxin example

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7
Q

Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?

A

YES

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8
Q

Do eukaryotes have a cell wall?

A

Only plants, fungi and some protists do

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9
Q

What type of linkages are in Archaea?
What about eubacteria?

A

Ether-linkages
Ester- linkages

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10
Q

What prokaryote has no introns or histones in their DNA structure?

A

Eubacteria, only archaea have those

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11
Q

Archaea or eubacteria, which lacks peptidoglycan in their call wall?

A

Archaea lack pepto!

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12
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes have steroids in their membrane

A

TRUE, prokaryotes do NOT have steroids in their membranes

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13
Q

Are Eubacteria and Archaea eukaryotes or prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes

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14
Q

T/F: Prokaryotes have linear chromosomes

A

FALSE, they have CIRCULAR chromosomes

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15
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes chromosomes are located in a nucleoid region

A

FALSE, it is located in the NUCLEUS

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16
Q

T/F: Eubacteria have introns!

A

FALSE, only Archaea!

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17
Q

T/F: Eukaryotes have histones

A

TRUE

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18
Q

T/F: Prokaryotes have slow DNA replication

A

FALSE, its super FAST

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19
Q

Do eukaryotes have slow DNA replication?

A

Yes

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20
Q

What size are Prok. and Euk. ribosomes?

A

Prok: 70S
Euk: 80S
Eukaryotes bigger in size

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21
Q

Prokaryotes are usually haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid

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22
Q

Eukaryotes are usually haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid

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23
Q

T/F: Prok have telomeres

A

FALSE, only eukaryotes

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24
Q

Where is the ETC located in Prok and Euk?

A

Prok: Along cell membrane
Euk: In mitochondrial inner membrane (+ thylakoid membrane in plants)

25
Q

How does transcription and translation occur in prokaryotes?

A

Occurs simultaneously

26
Q

How does transcription and translation occur in eukaryotes?

A

Transcription first in nucleus, translation in cytoplasm

27
Q

T/F: The cell cycle length is very long in prokaryotes and they divide by mitosis

A

FALSE, its short and divides by binary fission

28
Q

T/F: The cell cycle length is very long in eukaryotes and they divide by mitosis

29
Q

What organisms make up eukaryotes?

A

Plants, Protists, Fungi and Animalia

30
Q

T/F: do protists have chitin in the cell walls?

31
Q

List the characteristics of the fungus-like protists

A

NO CHITIN
Have cilia/flagella
Saprophytic
Feed via phagocytosis
Reproduce via asexual reproduction and sporulation

32
Q

List the characteristics of the plant/algae-like protists. List some examples too

A

Most important primary producers
Have chloroplasts and photosynthetic ability!
Ex. Diatoms, Dinoflagellates, & euglenoids

33
Q

List the characteristics of the animal-like protists. List some examples too

A

Known as protozoa
Have food vacuoles
Heterotrophic (move via flagella and cilia)
Often parasitic pathogens.
Ex. amoeba and paramecium

34
Q

List the characteristics of fungi! What are the 2 types of fungi?

A

Heterotrophic saprophytes
Mostly haploid life cycle
Types: Filamentous and non-filamentous

35
Q

Non-filamentous fungi characteristics. Give the most obvious example

A

Are unicellular
Reproduce asexually by budding
Are facultative anaerobes
Ex. yeast

36
Q

Filamentous fungi characteristics. Give the most obvious example

A

Are multicellular
Multinucleate (form hyphae)
Reproduce sexually
Aerobic
Ex. molds

36
Q

Coenocytic hyphae? What doesn’t occur here?

A

One long continuous multinucleated cell
Cytokinesis does not occur during cell division

36
Q

Fungi
What occurs when fungi reproduce under favorable environments

A
  • Asexually by producing a conidia produce haploid spore-producing structure, which produces haploid spores
  • Grows via mitosis
  • Can also do regeneration.
36
Q

List the characteristics of lichens!

A

Symbiotic autotrophs
Fungus+ algae/cyanobacteria= lichen

36
Q

List the characteristics of animalia!

A

Eukaryotic
Diploid
Multicellular heterotrophic aerobes
MUST have COELOM to be Animalia

36
Q

List the first 5 Animalia IN ORDER

A

PCPNR
Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Rotifera

37
Q

FIRST 5 Animalia important characteristics

A

NOT COELOMATES

38
Q

List the last 5 animalia IN ORDER

A

AMAEC
Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata

39
Q

LAST 5 Animalia important characteristics

A

ALL COELOMATES

39
Q

Example of FIRST 5 Animalia

A

Porifera: sponge
Cnidaria: jellyfish
Platyhelminthes: worms
Nematoda: roundworm, hookworm, elegans
Rotifera: rotifers

39
Q

Characteristics of diatoms and euglenoids

A

Unicellular
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Reproduce asexually
Found in aquatic environments

39
Q

Characteristics of dinoflagellates

A

RED TIDE (toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted)
Have two flagella (find food in absence of light)
Heterotrophic (parasitic).

39
Q

Example of LAST 5 Animalia

A

Annelida: earthworm, leech
Mollusca: Clam, snail, slug, squid, octopus, cephalopod, gastropod
Arthropoda: insect, spider, lobster
Echinodermata: starfish
Chordata: Human

39
Q

What is the Red Tide? What is responsible for it?

A

red tide (toxins build up, O2 in water is depleted),

40
Q

What are the pseudocoelomates

A

Nematoda and Rotifera

41
Q

What is the acoelomate

A

Platyhelminthes

42
Q

Only the LAST 5 animalia coelomates can be ________ and _________

A

schizocoelomates and enterocoelomates

43
Q

Schizocoelomates development
Are they protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Cleavage: Holoblastic, spiral, determinant
- Protostomes

44
Q

Enterocoelomates development
Are they protostomes or deuterostomes?

A

Cleavage: Radial, indeterminate
- Deuterostomes

45
Q

Cnidaria general characteristics

A

Cnidocytes
Radial symm.
Diploblasts

46
Q

what makes up 70s ribosomes

A

30s and 50s

47
Q

what makes up 80s ribosomes

A

60s and 40s

48
Q

bacteria do not contain ____ or ____, but viruses do
viruses do not have a ___ ___, but bacteria do

A

capsids or spike proteins
cell-wall

DAT BIO (22 decks)

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