Cell Division Flashcards
List the cell cycle IN ORDER
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G1/G0, Synthesis, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis/Karyokinesis
Gap Phase 1 (G1)
prepare for division
* check for favorable conditions
G0
cells are resting, not dividing
Synthesis (S) Phase
duplicate genome and centrosomes
Gap Phase 2 (G2)
last preparations (organelles replicated)
*check for errors in DNA!
*make sure mitogen promoting factor present
Prophase (MITOSIS and M2)
-chromatin condenses into chromosomes
-nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear
-spindle apparatus forms.
Metaphase (MITOSIS and M2)
-spindle apparatus guides chromosomes to metaphase plate
Anaphase (MITOSIS and M2)
-kinetochore microtubules shorten, pull sister
chromatids apart
Telophase (MITOSIS and M2)
-chromosomes segregated, nuclear membranes reform
-chromosomes decondense into chromatin
What makes Meiosis P1 different than Mitosis?
Crossing over occurs!!! in addition to everything else
What makes Meiosis M1 different than Mitosis?
Uses tetrads instead of chromosomes
What makes Meiosis A1 different than Mitosis?
Uses homologous chromosomes instead of sister chromatids
What makes Meiosis T1 different than Mitosis?
They’re not diff
Mitosis goes from what to what?
1 2n cell to 2 2n cells (46 to 46)
Meiosis goes from what to what?
1 2n cell to 2 n cells (M1) to 4 n cells (M2)
(46 in 1 cell to 23 in 2 cells to 23 in 4 cells)
Plant cells do not possess ____
centrosomes
In animal cells, ____ and ___ microfilaments shorten to tighten the cleavage furrow
actin, myosin
______ are found in both animal and plant cells.
Microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs)
Animal cells possess a type of MTOC known as a _____, made up of two centrioles
centrosome
Animal cytokinesis is characterized by the formation of a _____ ______
cleavage furrow
What makes plant cytokinesis unique from animal cytokinesis?
They use a cell plate, which is cemented by a middle lamella
Centrosomes are the _____
MTOCs
