ICVA - Respiratory TC's Flashcards
List the etiologies of canine infectious tracheobronchitis aka Kennel Cough
- Bordatella bronchiseptica
- Canine adenovirus 2
- Mycoplasma
- Canine parainfluenza
- Canine influenza H3N8, H3N2
- +/- Canine distemper
What Dx are performed if you suspect your canine patient has Infectious tracheobronchitis aka kennel cough?
- Xrays - to rule out secondary pneumonia and/or other causes of cough/respiratory disease
- Nasopharyngeal swabs - culture or PCR for Bordatella; Transtracheal wash, bronchoalveolar lavage
What Dx are performed if you suspect your canine patient has canine influenza?
- Xrays - to rule out secondary pneumonia and/or other causes of cough/respiratory disease
- PCR - nasopharyngeal swabs
- Serology
List the causes of laryngeal paralysis
- Congenital (rare)
- Acquired - damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, myasthenia gravis, immune mediated polyneuropathy/myopathy
What is the name of the Sx procedure used to tx laryngeal paralysis in dogs?
Unilateral arytenoid lateralization
For canine laryngeal paralysis patients, generalized neurological signs commonly develop within?
1 yr of Dx
Name the various canine lungworms
Oslerus osleri
Eucoleus aerophilus
Crenosoma vulpis
How is Oslerus Osleri transmitted? Eucoleus aerophilus?
Oslerus osleri - transmitted from dam to pups when dam licks pups
Eucoleus aerophilus - ingesting contaminated food, water
Where can oslerus osleri be found in an infected patient?
Trachea, large bronchi
Where is Blastomycosis found?
Mississippi
Missouri
Ohio River Valley
Mid-Atlantic US
Outside US
What dx testing is done for the following:
Coccidiomycosis
Cryptococcus
Blastomycosis
Histoplasmosis
Urine ANTIGEN testing - Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis
Serum ANTIBODY - Coccidiomycosis, Cryptococcus
List the forms of transmission for the following:
- Coccidiomycosis
- Cryptococcus
- Blastomycosis
- Histoplasmosis
- Coccidiomycosis - soil
- Cryptococcus - pigeon feces
- Blastomycosis - soil
- Histoplasmosis - bat, bird feces
What is the cause of valley fever?
Cocciomycosis
Think California, Arizona
What are the tx options for canine and feline fungal pneumonia?
- Antifungal - Itraconazole, Terbinafine (monitor liver enzymes)
- Amphotericin B (monitor kidney values b/c nephrotoxic)
Where can paragonimus kellicoti be found?
Midwest, South, Great Lakes
Where does the feline lungworm Anglostrongylus vasorum live?
At the bifurcation of the trachea
What are the clinical signs seen in feline patients diagnosed with lungworm?
Usually asymptomatic
On occasion can have cough, sneezing, crackles and wheezes
What feline breeds are at a greater risk of developing asthma?
Himalayans, Siamese
What Dx do you run in a feline patient you suspect has asthma?
- Bronchoalveolar lavage +/- cytology & culture - Mycoplasma
- Heartworm Antigen/AB testing
- Fecal Bearmann to r/o respiratory parasites
FCV and FHV-1 share many of the same clinical signs. Name the C/S that are specific to these two disease processes in cats.
FCV:
1. Oral ulceration
2. Gingivitis, stomatitis
FHV-1:
1. +/- Dendritic ulcers
FCV is what type of virus? DNA or RNA
RNA
FHV-1 is what type of virus - DNA, RNA?
Double stranded DNA virus
How can you prevent FCV and FHV-1 infection?
Vaccinate with modified live vaccines @ 6-9 weeks of age, booster again every 3-4 weeks until reaches 16 weeks of age. Then annually!
What is the go-to treatment for most nasal tumors?
Radiation!
List the clinical signs of Nasopharyngeal polyps in felids
- Voice change
- Inspiratory stridor
- Nasal DC
- +/- vestibular signs
- Sneezing
List the two forms of Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex.
BRDC can be broken down into two “forms” - Enzootic pneumonia and Shipping Fever.
Enzootic pneumonia is typically seen in thin, weaned DAIRY calves that are housed indoors.
Shipping fever is typically seen in BEEF cattle that were recently weaned and shipped from home OR underwent a recently stressful procedure such as dehorning or castration
List the etiologic agents of BRDC
Enzootic pneumonia: P. multocida, sometimes M. hemolytica or Mycoplasma bovis
Shipping Fever: M. hemolytica, sometimes P. multocida or H. somni
Viral causes: IBR, BVDV, PI3, BRSV
What are the C/S and Etiologies of Acute Bovine Pulmonary Edema and Emphysema aka Fog Fever
C/S: Pulmonary congestion + edema, emphysema
Causes: Perilla mint, 4-ipomeanol from moldy sweet potatoes, Poisonous gases such as nitrogen oxide.
IBR affects cattle of what age group?
Cattle 6mo and older
What are the classic necropsy findings of cattle that suffered from Bovine Respiratory Syncyctial Virus?
Lungs fail to collapse when you open the thoracic cavity, pulmonary edema and interstitial pneumonia, emphysema
List the routes of human infection for Bovine Tubceruclosis
- Consuming raw or undercooked meat
- Consuming unpasteurized milk
- Inhalation of aerosolized agent
- Bacterial contact with broken skin
- Wildlife and soil are potential sources
What is the difference in terms of C/S between severe equine asthma and mild to moderate equine asthma?
Severe - tachypnea at rest, flaring of nostrils, heave line, wheezing, coughing
Mild to moderate - no tachypnea at rest, coughing, exercise intolerance,
What are the classic clinical signs seen in an equine patient suffering from sinusitis?
Unilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge, typically malodorous
Can be primary (rare) or secondary (most common) due to tooth root abscess, ethmoid hematoma, neoplasia, cyst
What Dx can you run to dx an equine patient with sinusitis?
- Xrays - sinus or tooth pathology
- Upper airway endoscopy
- Thorough dental exam
What C/S are seen in equine patient with left laryngeal hemiplegia?
Unilateral»_space; bilateral
- Inspiratory noise - roaring
- Performance issues
What C/S are seen in equine patient with ethmoidal hematoma?
Unilateral»_space; bilateral
- Serosanguinous nasal discharge
- Decrease airflow
What C/S are seen in equine patient with guttoral pouch mycosis?
Unilateral»_space; Bilateral
- Epistaxis
- Massive hemorrhage in some cases
- Neuro deficits - CN 9,10,11
What C/S are seen in equine patients with Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate?
Chokes down towards end of race
Expiratory noise during exercise, not always heard
