呼吸系統病毒感染I Flashcards

1
Q

上呼吸道症狀與對應病毒?

A

1.一般感冒:鼻病毒、冠狀病毒
2.咽炎:Coxsackie A virus、adenovirus (DNA)

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2
Q

下呼吸道症狀與對應病毒?

A

1.哮吼、扁桃腺炎、支氣管炎(2歲以下):Parainfluenza virus 1
2.細支氣管炎(幼兒):Respiratory synovial virus, Parainfluenza virus 3
3.肺炎:
Respiratory synovial virus(幼兒)
Parainfluenza virus(幼兒)
Influenza virus

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3
Q

小RNA病毒蛋白殼(capsid)介紹?

A

25~30nm,電子顯微鏡才看得到
VP1~4組成pentomer,5個pentomer組成pentamer,12個pentamer組成capsid

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4
Q

腸病毒enteroviruses特性?

A

1.可忍受pH3~9、洗滌劑、加熱
2.耐酸(污水處理、腸道)
3.主要為糞口傳染

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5
Q

鼻病毒rhinoviruses

A

1.可忍受乾燥、清潔劑
2.不耐熱、酸,無法在腸道存活
3.偏好鼻黏膜環境,33度C
4.飛沫傳染

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6
Q

小RNA病毒的RNA基因特性?

A

1.大小與mRNA相近(7200~8450bp)
2.不需修飾
3.5’端:VPg、IRES,3’端:poly A

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7
Q

小RNA病毒序列開頭用IRES的原因?

A

因其本身帶有viral protease可以減掉細胞的CAP,讓細胞只轉譯病毒所需的蛋白質

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8
Q

小RNA病毒複製流程?

A

1.經由microinjection或胞吞進入細胞(膜上receptor會辨識病毒表面VP4)
2.病毒本身的正股RNA直接轉譯
3.切割做出來的蛋白質
4.用RNA-dependent polymerase做出負股當模板大量生產
5.包裝與裂解

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9
Q

小RNA病毒製造有甚麼特性?

A

從感染到製造10~15分鐘
一個細胞可做出40萬顆病毒
完成一次複製只要3~4小時

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10
Q

病毒結合的細胞受器?

A

1.ICAM-1:鼻病毒&一些克沙奇病毒
2.CD55:一些克沙奇病毒&其他腸病毒
3.PVR/CD155:小兒麻痺病毒

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11
Q

小兒麻痺病毒的目標組織?

A

中樞神經、腦膜

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12
Q

手足口症是病毒跑到哪裏?

A

皮膚

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13
Q

Cox. A症狀?

A

皰疹性咽峽炎
手足口症

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14
Q

Cox. B症狀?

A

心肌炎
肋肌痛

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15
Q

腸病毒主要重症型別?

A

腸病毒71型

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16
Q

有套膜且為最長正股DNA的是哪一種病毒科?

A

冠狀病毒科(27000~30000bp)

17
Q

冠狀病毒主要變異的地方為?

A

棘蛋白

18
Q

主要人類冠狀病毒蛋白?

A

1.E2,和ACE2結合
2.H1,血凝
3.N,核糖核蛋白
4.E1,穿膜蛋白
5.L,感染宿主細胞首要轉譯出的聚合酶

19
Q

病毒需自備什麼蛋白?在哪個位置?

A

1.L protein
2.ORF1a, ORF1b

20
Q

冠狀病毒複製流程?

A

1.E2和ACE2結合,藉胞吞作用進入細胞
2.正股RNA被釋出
3.合成L
4.L做出負股RNA,轉出6條mRNAs給宿主認,命令宿主做各種蛋白質
5.L負責組裝,在內質網芽生再胞吐離開細胞(帶走envelope)

21
Q

傳統人類冠狀病毒介紹?

A

1.適合溫度33~35度c(上呼吸道)
2.可以在腸胃道存活
3.以飛沫傳染為主
4.嬰兒小孩居多
5.難在細胞培養中隔離
6.冬天到春天

22
Q

當病毒感染不同物種,製造大量病毒顆粒,稱此物種為?

A

amplifying host

23
Q

冠狀病毒的reservoir&amplifying host是?

A

SARS:蝙蝠,果子狸
MERS:蝙蝠,駱駝
CoV:蝙蝠,未知