立克次體感染 Flashcards

1
Q

立克次體感染介紹?

A

革蘭氏陰性菌
絕對胞內寄生
藉由載體叮咬致病
引起血管炎,血管內皮細胞增生

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2
Q

立克次體科致病菌與疾病?

A

1.Orientia tsutsugamushi:恙蟲病
2.Rickettsia prowazekii:流行性斑疹傷寒
3.Rickettsia typhi:地方性斑疹傷寒
4.Rickettsia rickettsii:落磯山班疹熱

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3
Q

科克斯菌科的致病菌與疾病?

A

Coxiella burnetii:Q熱

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4
Q

恙蟲病Scrub typhus介紹?

A

媒介:地里恙蟲,幼蟲階段叮咬後透過唾液傳播
台灣金門感染最多,男>女,爬山
二次感染需不同基因型才會發病
引起發燒、頭痛、肌肉酸痛、紅疹,有eschar

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5
Q

恙蟲病有哪些併發症?

A

肺炎、肝炎
心臟、呼吸系統、腎衰竭
入侵中樞神經系統

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6
Q

恙蟲病的診斷?

A

1.PCR
2.IFA
3.Weil-Felix slide agglutination(Proteus OX-K呈陽性:恙蟲病;OX-19, OX-2呈陽性:斑疹傷寒;都陰:Q fever)

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7
Q

恙蟲病、斑疹傷寒、Q熱的治療時程?

A

恙蟲病&斑疹傷寒:一兩週
Q熱:兩三週

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8
Q

恙蟲病的藥物?

A

Doxycycline可作為預防與治療
Azithromycin可給孕婦與小孩用

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9
Q

斑疹傷寒致病菌?

A

地方性:R.typhi(台灣)、R.felis
流行性:R. prowazekii(歐美)較嚴重

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10
Q

斑疹傷寒症狀?

A

1.頭痛、肌肉酸痛、關節痛、全身不適、噁心想吐
2.發高燒(兩週熱)
3.起斑疹
有時候有黃疸

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11
Q

斑疹傷寒併發症?

A

ARDS、腦膜炎、急性肝腎衰竭、呼吸衰竭、吐血
(年紀大、原發疾病、磺胺類藥物易引起重症)

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12
Q

斑疹傷寒治療?

A

1.Doxycycline(可預防)
2.Tetracycline
3.Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

Q熱介紹?

A

革蘭氏陰性菌,短桿狀
蟲媒或吸入傳染,動物都可以感染但不會人傳人
可以在胎盤中發現
一隻就會造成感染
紐西蘭幾乎沒有

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14
Q

Q熱的症狀?

A

潛伏期可到30天
發燒、各種痛&發炎、4%起疹子

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15
Q

急性Q熱的判斷?

A

1.恢復期血清內抗體是急性期的四倍
2.2型抗體多於1型抗體

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16
Q

艾莉希氏體症Ehrlichiosis介紹?

A

無形體科絕對胞內寄生菌感染
蜱蟲媒介,傳染動物&人類
革蘭氏陰性菌,小型、多型
Giemsa stain

17
Q

艾莉希氏體症的細胞質內形式?

A

1.Initial body
2.Elementary body
3.Morula

18
Q

Ehrlich chaffeensis的侵入細胞、致病與媒介?

A

1.Monocyte
2.HME
3.孤星蜱、美洲鈍眼蜱、輸血

19
Q

Ehrlich ewingii的侵入細胞、致病與媒介?

A

1.Granulocyte
2.HGE
3.孤星蜱

20
Q

Anaplama phagocytophilum的侵入細胞、致病與媒介?

A

1.Granulocyte
2.HGA
3.肩板硬蜱、西部黑腳蜱、篦子硬蜱

21
Q

Ehrlich sennetsu的侵入細胞、致病?

A

1.Monocyte&Granulocyte
2.Sennetsu fever

22
Q

HME&HGA比較?

A

同:發燒頭痛
異:皮膚紅疹、中樞神經侵犯、住院&死亡率是HME較高

23
Q

艾莉希氏體症的血液抹片檢查敏感度?

A

3%HME在單核球中找到morulae
25%HGA在顆粒球中找到morulae