呼吸系統細菌和黴菌感染 Flashcards

1
Q

鏈球菌屬streptococcus介紹?

A

革蘭氏陽性厭氧球菌
需要在血液或血清中培養
不具觸媒

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

具透明環的是那種溶血形式?

A

β溶血

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

產生綠色代謝物的是哪一種形式?

A

α溶血

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

菌群專一性細胞抗原的成分?

A

多醣

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

化膿性鏈球菌抗原構造?

A

1.菌群專一性抗原(β溶血Group A)
2.玻尿酸夾膜
3.M蛋白質

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

風濕熱是帶哪種M蛋白質才會引起?

A

Class I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

化膿性鏈球菌用甚麼阻止細菌與C3b結合,避開吞噬作用?

A

1.M protein
2.M-like proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

化膿性鏈球菌的附著因子?

A

1.磷壁酸
2.M蛋白質
3.F蛋白質

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

化膿性鏈球菌靠什麼侵犯上皮細胞?

A

1.M protein
2.F protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

鏈球菌產熱外毒素Spe又叫做?

A

erythrogenic toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spe又分成哪四種?

A

A, B, C, F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spe會造成什麼疾病?

A

1.壞死性筋膜炎
2.鏈球菌中毒休克症候群
3.猩紅熱紅疹

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

對氧敏感,產生ASO抗體,會被皮膚脂質抑制的是哪個streptolysin?

A

streptolysin O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

鏈球菌中負責溶解血塊及纖維蛋白沉積,產生抗體的是?

A

streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

皮膚感染鏈球菌的病人靠什麼當指標?

A

DNase B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

猩紅熱的症狀?

A

1.胸到四肢的紅疹
2.嘴邊蒼白
3.草莓舌
4.巴氏線

17
Q

化膿性鏈球菌的檢測?

A

1.皮膚革蘭氏染色
2.咽喉抗原偵測&核酸檢驗
3.菌體培養(Group A Ag、枯草桿菌素、PYR)

18
Q

anti-DNase B test主要是測何者?

A

皮膚感染

19
Q

化膿性鏈球菌治療?

A

1.咽炎:penicillin V&amoxicillin
2.過敏:cephalosporin&macrolide
3.全身性:靜脈注射penicillin+clindamycin

20
Q

風濕熱病史的患者手術前做抗生素治療是要預防?

A

菌血症導致的心內膜炎

21
Q

肺炎鏈球菌streptococcus pneumoniae介紹?

A

革蘭氏陽性菌
有夾膜,雙球排列
α溶血
培養基需要血液

22
Q

會進行自體溶解的是哪一種菌?

A

肺炎鏈球菌

23
Q

肺炎鏈球菌的抗原構造?

A

1.多醣莢膜
2.C polysaccharide
3.CRP

24
Q

肺炎鏈球菌的致病機轉?

A

1.pneumolysin:與細胞膜上膽固醇結合產生空洞
2.IgA protease
3.活化替代型&傳統型的補體活化路徑
4.莢膜躲避吞噬作用

25
Q

肺炎鏈球菌引起的疾病?

A

1.肺炎(肺葉型、大葉型)
2.鼻竇炎&中耳炎
3.菌血症,進一步引起腦膜炎

26
Q

肺炎鏈球菌的檢測?

A

1.痰革蘭氏染色
2.腦脊髓液抗原檢測&核酸偵測
3.菌體培養(含血液):optochin有抑制環,膽鹽溶解試驗使自體溶解加速

27
Q

肺炎鏈球菌的治療&預防?

A

1.Vancomycin合併ceftriaxone
2.23價多醣體疫苗(兩歲以上);13價多醣體疫苗(兩歲以下)

28
Q

克雷白氏菌屬Klebsiella介紹?

A

革蘭氏陰性桿菌,兼性厭氧菌
沒有內孢子,有莢膜
菌落外觀黏稠
分成K. pneumoniae&K.oxytoca
原發性肺炎型肺炎、傷口軟組織泌尿道感染、原發性化膿性肝膿傷(肺炎桿菌)

29
Q

在37度c有雙圈輪廓的是哪一種地方性黴菌?

A

皮炎芽生菌Blastomyces dermatitis

30
Q

在37度c呈船舵狀的是哪一種地方性黴菌?

A

巴西副球孢子菌Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

31
Q

在25度c有關節孢子,在37度c為囊狀圓球體的是哪一種地方性黴菌?

A

粗球黴菌Coccidioides immitis

32
Q

通常會在培養基中加入哪種抗生物抑制快生長酵母菌&黴菌?

A

Cycloheximide

33
Q

在25度c是為瓶梗型,37度c行二分裂繁殖的是哪一種地方性黴菌?

A

馬爾尼菲青黴菌Talaromyces marneffei

34
Q

組織胞漿菌病的兩種變種分布在哪裡?

A

1.capsulatum:美洲,密西西比河
2.duboisii:非洲

35
Q

地方性黴菌通常從哪裡先感染?

A