Human disease L25: Urinary tract disease

Question 1

there are three types of urinary tract disease what are they

Answer 1

urinary tract infection

urinary tract obstruction

urinary tract malignancy

Question 2

how does the urethra differ in a male comapred to a female

Answer 2

the uretha has to pass through the prostate gland in males, in females they do not

Question 3

what is cystitis known as

Answer 3

bladder inflammation

Question 4

the most common bacteria found to cause UTI’s is what

Answer 4

Escherichia Coli

Question 5

what is hydronephrosis

Answer 5

is a condition where one or both kidneys become stretched and swollen as the result of a build-up of urine inside them.

Question 6

what is the main cause of hydronephrosis

Answer 6

The most common cause for this blockage is a kidney stone, but scarring and blood clots can also cause acute unilateral obstructive uropathy. A blocked ureter can cause urine to go back up into the kidney, which causes swelling. This backflow of urine is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).

Question 7

dilation of the ureter us defined as what

Answer 7

hydroureter

Question 8

a common, noncancerous enlargement of the prostate gland is known as what

Answer 8

prostatic hypertrophy

Question 9

lower urinary tract symptoms better known as LUTS, is a result from prostatic hypertrophy,

what symptoms would you experince

Answer 9

poor flow

frequency

dribbling

urgency

difficulty starting

diffculty stopping

retention

incontinence

nocturia

Question 10

the management of benign prostatic hypertrophy is primarily medical anad two classes of drugs are used

what are they?

Answer 10

alpha blockers (tamsulosin) which are smooth muscle relaxes

5 alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) - which interfere with testosterone production

Question 11

prostate cancer is usually a adenocarcinoma, it is driven by the increase in which hormone

Answer 11

testosterone

Question 12

what age group is at highest risk of developing prostate cancer

Answer 12

65-69 old males

Question 13

what antigen would you be looking for in a blood test, with someone suspected of prostate cancer

Answer 13

prostate specific antibody

Question 14

what is a nuclear bone scan

Answer 14

A nuclear bone scan is a medical test that uses a small amount of radioactive material to check the condition of your bones.

Question 15

when does bone metastasis occur

Answer 15

Bone metastasis occurs when cancer cells break away from the original tumor and spread to the bones, where they begin to multiply

Question 16

what diagnostic technique would you use to check for bone metastases

Answer 16

nuclear bone scan

Question 17

renal calculi, known as kidney stones develop in 5% of population.

they can devlop in the kidney or the bladder.

accumulation of three different crystals cause renal calculi, what are they

Answer 17

oxalate

Ca phosphate

Uric Acid

Question 18

what is the name of the medical procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses like kidney stones, bezoars or gallstones

Answer 18

lithotripsy

Question 19

how do you make a diagnosis of urinary tract infection?

Answer 19

history

dipstick

microbiology

Question 20

prostate cancer incidence rises with age true or false

Answer 20

true

Question 21

renal calculi can be made of oxalate true or false

Answer 21

true