Human disease L24: Renal disease Flashcards
does the ureter come before or after the bladder
before
if the kidney was disected, you could see the distinction between the inner and outer part of the kidneys.
what is the name of these anatomical features
cortex = outer part of kidney
medulla = inner part of kidney
where do all the collecting ducts feed in to in the kidney
renal pelvis
the formation of a “ball” of arterioles in the kidney is known as a what
glomerulus
what is the function of the bowmans capsule
Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerular capillary loops and participates in the filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries.
Bowman’s capsule also has a structural function and creates a urinary space through which filtrate can enter the nephron and pass to the proximal convoluted tubule
the arterioles that come in to the glomerular capsule / bowmans capsule are called what
afferrent arterioles
what occurs at point a
water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced throughthe capillary walls and pores of the glomerular capsule into the renal tubule
what occurs at point b
tubular reabsorption
water, glucose, amino acids, and needed ions are transported out of the filtrate into the tubule cells and then enter the capillary blood
what occurs at point c
tubular secretion
H+, K+, creatine and drugs are removed from the peritubular blood and secreted by the tubule cells into the filtrate
which hormone maintains equilibrium between NaCl and H2O
Anti diuretic hormone
acid base balance is regulated by the kidneys in conjunction with the lungs.
which acid and base is excreeted
H+ = acid
HCO3 = base
is CO2 acidic or alkali in solution?
acidic
is a condition in which there is too much acid in the body fluids.
acidosis
is a condition in which there is too much base in the body fluids.
alkalosis
if we have a state of acidosis in our body what would the body do rid of the excess acid
breathe more quickly to breathe off more CO2
what triggers diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma (passing out for a long time) or even death.
When your cells don’t get the glucose they need for energy, your body begins to burn fat for energy, which produces ketones.
ketones are acids.
what are ketones
Ketones are a type of chemical that your liver produces when it breaks down fats. Your body uses ketones for energy typically during fasting, long periods of exercise, or when you don’t have as many carbohydrates. You can have low levels of ketones in your blood without it being a problem.
what would the respiratory rate be for someone suffering from diabetic ketoacidosis
high respiratory rate
the kidney is responsible for producing hormones, what is the name of the hormone that produces red blood cells
erythropoietin
where is renin produced and what does it do?
renin is produced in the kidneys and responsible for the conversion of angiotensin to angiotensin 1.
part of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system of blood pressure control.
what is the name for this HCO3-
Bicarbonate
if you have high potassium levels due to renal failure, what can that lead to. what is the name given for having high potassium levels
high potassium levels is known as hyperkalaemia and can lead to cardiac arrest
according to mayo clinic, what is the normal range of potassium in blood
3.6 to 5.2 millimoles per liter (mmol/L) of blood
A potassium level higher than 5.5 mmol/L is critically high, and a potassium level over 6 mmol/L can be life-threatening.
a normal eGFR would show a meaasurement of what
>60mls/min
what is glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis is damage to the tiny filters inside your kidneys (the glomeruli). It’s often caused by your immune system attacking healthy body tissue.
what is An arteriovenous (AV) fistula
is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein in which blood flows directly from an artery into a vein, bypassing some capillaries
