Human disease L12: Endocrinology 1 - principles

Question 1

Q1: hormones are chemical messengers of the body, hormones are delivered in what type of format (3)?

Answer 1

1. peptides,
2. Proteins,
3. Steroids

Question 2

Q2: which hormones are released by specialist secretory cell and act at a distant site?

Answer 2

Endocrine hormones

Question 3

Q3: which two endocrine organs reside in the brain?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

Question 4

Q4: which hormonal gland sits on the trachea, and what is the name of the gland that sits posterior to that gland?

Answer 4

Thyroid gland sits on the trachea and on the posterior aspect of the thyroid gland sits four parathyroid glands.

Question 5

Q5: which hormonal glands sit on the kidneys?

Answer 5

The adrenal glands

Question 6

Q6: anterior pituitary gland releases TSH which stimulates the thyroid releasing T4 and T3, what is T4 and T3?

Answer 6

T4 = thyroxine and T3 = triiodothyronine

Question 7

Q7: which hormone acts on the adrenal glands to release cortisol?

Answer 7

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) released by the anterior pituitary gland.

Question 8

Q8: which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Answer 8

Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the Anterior pituitary gland.

Question 9

Q9: which hormone stimulates the liver to release insulin-like growth factor 1?

Answer 9

Growth hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland, stimulates the liver.

Question 10

Q10: which hormone is responsible for the release of oestrogen, progesterone, and testosterone?

Answer 10

Hormones such as Luteinising hormone (LH) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulate the ovaries/gonads to release those hormones.

Question 11

Q11: which two hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 11

Anti-diuretic hormone (Vasopressin) and Oxytocin

Question 12

Q12: why would ADH cause a more concentrated urine?

Answer 12

ADH is responsible for the uptake of water.

Question 13

Q13: what is diabetes insipidus?

Answer 13

is a rare condition where you pee a lot and often feel thirsty. Diabetes insipidus is not related to diabetes, but it does share some of the same signs and symptoms. the 2 main symptoms of diabetes insipidus are: extreme thirst (polydipsia) and peeing allot, even at night (polyuria).

Question 14

Q14: what causes diabetes insipidus?

Answer 14

A lack of ADH or renal insensitivity to ADH.

Question 15

Q15: how would you manage diabetes insipidus if the cause was due to low ADH secretion from the hypothalamus?

Answer 15

Prescription of synthetic ADH.