human disease L22 - MSK 2 rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases Flashcards
rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune inflmmatory disease.
joint destruction is is due to the inflammation of what
synovial membrane
what does the over production synovial fluid lead to
the physical swelling that is present in the joints
what produces synovial fluid
the synovial membrane
what percentage of the population is affected by rheumatoid arthritis
population
sex
onset age
1-3% of population - common
women 3 x more than men
usua onset age 30 - 50
what is symmetrical arthritis
this is referrenced to rheumatoid arthritis, if there is arthritis present in one joint then it is very likely that it is in the opposite joint (left knee, right knee)
if there is a single joint affected what is the likelyhood of it being rheumatoid arthritis
less likely
what is pleural effusions
sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.
which condition of the eye is a result of rheumatoid arthritis
keratoconjunctivitis
what is amyloid
Amyloid is an abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ. Amyloidosis frequently affects the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system and digestive tract. It is often overlooked because it may cause no symptoms at first.
what is renal amyloidosis
Amyloid deposits damage the kidneys and make it harder for them to filter wastes and break down proteins. When the kidneys become too damaged, they may no longer be able to function well enough to maintain health, resulting in kidney failure
what is pericardial effusion
is the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart. If too much fluid builds up, it can put pressure on the heart. This can prevent it from pumping normally. A fibrous sac called the pericardium surrounds the heart.
what is Sjogren’s syndrome
is an autoimmune disease that affects parts of the body (glands) that produce fluids, like tears and spit (saliva).
Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty
Ulnar deviation
Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty
rheumatoid nodule
Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty
z thumb
Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty
boutonniere deformity
Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty
swan neck deformity
what is Atlantoaxial subluxation
Atlantoaxial subluxation is misalignment of the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae,
what are you expecting to find in a blood test with someone suffering from rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies
mangement of rheumatoid arthritis is predominatley medical rather than surgical. with the aim of reducing the disease process which in hand reduces deformity and improving function.
analgesia is given to mask the symptoms, what is the mainstay of type of drug that is used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis
disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)
penicillamine
methtrexate
gold
hydrochloroquine
the drugs listed above all fall in to which category of drugs
disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)
how would you medically manage a patient who is having an acute flare up
the use of corticosteroids either systemically or locally (joint injection)
if a patient has not yet been diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis, what would you obseve to make the diagnosis (dental practice)
TMJ disease
Sjogrens syndrome
typical features of arthritis in Hands
scleroderma is an auto-immiune disease characterised by fibrosis of connective tissues, the skin is mainly affected (scleroderma) this is observed very early on in the disease process.
as the disease progresses it starts to affect the conenctive tissues and other organs. once it reaches this stage what is disease called
systemic sclerosis
systemic sclerosis / scleroderma is how many times more common in women than men
3-5 x
The most classic symptom of scleroderma is a type of skin tightening called
sclerodactyly
what is the name of this condition
Calcinosis cutis is the accumulation of calcium salt crystals in your skin. The calcium deposits are hard bumps that don’t dissolve. The shape and size of the lesions vary.
what is the nameof this condition
Telangiectasias are small, widened blood vessels on the skin. They are usually harmless, but may be associated with several diseases
what are the characterisitic facial expression for someone suffering from systemic sclerosis
beaked nose - this happens due to the skin getting very tight
fixed expression - because of the tight skin it makes facial expressions difficult to do
radial furrowing of lips
limitation of mouth movements - due to the mouth becoming smaller
a condition where blood flow to your fingers, toes, ears, or nose is restricted or interrupted. This occurs when the blood vessels in your hands or feet constrict
what is the name of this condition
raynaud’s phenomenon
systemic sclerosis has multisystem manifestations one of which is the pulmonary system. how does systemic sclerosis affect the lungs
it causes pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis
what is systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is the most common type of lupus. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels. There is no cure for lupus, but medical interventions and lifestyle changes can help control it.
what do the antibodies attack in systemic lupus erythematous
cell nuclear components
if someone presented with this rash, what would be probable cause
systemic lupus erythematosus
sjogrens syndrome is seen in which diseases?
rheumatoid arthritis
systemic lupus erythematous
systemic sclerosis
all of them
general anasesthesia needs speacial consideration of c-spine in rheumatoid arthritis - true or false?
true
antlano-axial subluxation risk, poor neck mobility and tmj dysfunction make intubation and airway management more tricky
which of the follwoing is not a feature of systemic sclerosis?
poor mouth opening
perioral telangiectasia
macroglossia
tmj dysfunction
dry mouth
macroglossia
