human disease L22 - MSK 2 rheumatoid arthritis and connective tissue diseases

Question 1

rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune inflmmatory disease.

joint destruction is is due to the inflammation of what

Answer 1

synovial membrane

Question 2

what does the over production synovial fluid lead to

Answer 2

the physical swelling that is present in the joints

Question 3

what produces synovial fluid

Answer 3

the synovial membrane

Question 4

what percentage of the population is affected by rheumatoid arthritis

population

sex

onset age

Answer 4

1-3% of population - common

women 3 x more than men

usua onset age 30 - 50

Question 5

what is symmetrical arthritis

Answer 5

this is referrenced to rheumatoid arthritis, if there is arthritis present in one joint then it is very likely that it is in the opposite joint (left knee, right knee)

Question 6

if there is a single joint affected what is the likelyhood of it being rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 6

less likely

Question 7

what is pleural effusions

Answer 7

sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs. The pleura are thin membranes that line the lungs and the inside of the chest cavity and act to lubricate and facilitate breathing.

Question 8

which condition of the eye is a result of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 8

keratoconjunctivitis

Question 9

what is amyloid

Answer 9

Amyloid is an abnormal protein that is produced in your bone marrow and can be deposited in any tissue or organ. Amyloidosis frequently affects the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system and digestive tract. It is often overlooked because it may cause no symptoms at first.

Question 10

what is renal amyloidosis

Answer 10

Amyloid deposits damage the kidneys and make it harder for them to filter wastes and break down proteins. When the kidneys become too damaged, they may no longer be able to function well enough to maintain health, resulting in kidney failure

Question 11

what is pericardial effusion

Answer 11

is the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart. If too much fluid builds up, it can put pressure on the heart. This can prevent it from pumping normally. A fibrous sac called the pericardium surrounds the heart.

Question 12

what is Sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 12

is an autoimmune disease that affects parts of the body (glands) that produce fluids, like tears and spit (saliva).

Question 13

Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty

Answer 13

Ulnar deviation

Question 14

Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty

Answer 14

rheumatoid nodule

Question 15

Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty

Answer 15

z thumb

Question 16

Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty

Answer 16

boutonniere deformity

Question 17

Rheumatoid arthritis results in many deformaties of the joint, what is the name of this deformaty

Answer 17

swan neck deformity

Question 18

what is Atlantoaxial subluxation

Answer 18

Atlantoaxial subluxation is misalignment of the 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae,

Question 19

what are you expecting to find in a blood test with someone suffering from rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 19

rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies

Question 20

mangement of rheumatoid arthritis is predominatley medical rather than surgical. with the aim of reducing the disease process which in hand reduces deformity and improving function.

analgesia is given to mask the symptoms, what is the mainstay of type of drug that is used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 20

disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs)

Question 21

penicillamine

methtrexate

gold

hydrochloroquine

the drugs listed above all fall in to which category of drugs

Answer 21

disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDS)

Question 22

how would you medically manage a patient who is having an acute flare up

Answer 22

the use of corticosteroids either systemically or locally (joint injection)

Question 23

if a patient has not yet been diagnosed of rheumatoid arthritis, what would you obseve to make the diagnosis (dental practice)

Answer 23

TMJ disease

Sjogrens syndrome

typical features of arthritis in Hands

Question 24

scleroderma is an auto-immiune disease characterised by fibrosis of connective tissues, the skin is mainly affected (scleroderma) this is observed very early on in the disease process.

as the disease progresses it starts to affect the conenctive tissues and other organs. once it reaches this stage what is disease called

Answer 24

systemic sclerosis

Question 25

systemic sclerosis / scleroderma is how many times more common in women than men

Answer 25

3-5 x

Question 26

The most classic symptom of scleroderma is a type of skin tightening called

Answer 26

sclerodactyly

Question 27

what is the name of this condition

Answer 27

Calcinosis cutis is the accumulation of calcium salt crystals in your skin. The calcium deposits are hard bumps that don’t dissolve. The shape and size of the lesions vary.

Question 28

what is the nameof this condition

Answer 28

Telangiectasias are small, widened blood vessels on the skin. They are usually harmless, but may be associated with several diseases

Question 29

what are the characterisitic facial expression for someone suffering from systemic sclerosis

Answer 29

beaked nose - this happens due to the skin getting very tight

fixed expression - because of the tight skin it makes facial expressions difficult to do

radial furrowing of lips

limitation of mouth movements - due to the mouth becoming smaller

Question 30

a condition where blood flow to your fingers, toes, ears, or nose is restricted or interrupted. This occurs when the blood vessels in your hands or feet constrict

what is the name of this condition

Answer 30

raynaud’s phenomenon

Question 31

systemic sclerosis has multisystem manifestations one of which is the pulmonary system. how does systemic sclerosis affect the lungs

Answer 31

it causes pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 32

what is systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 32

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is the most common type of lupus. SLE is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks its own tissues, causing widespread inflammation and tissue damage in the affected organs. It can affect the joints, skin, brain, lungs, kidneys, and blood vessels. There is no cure for lupus, but medical interventions and lifestyle changes can help control it.

Question 33

what do the antibodies attack in systemic lupus erythematous

Answer 33

cell nuclear components

Question 34

if someone presented with this rash, what would be probable cause

Answer 34

systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 35

sjogrens syndrome is seen in which diseases?

rheumatoid arthritis

systemic lupus erythematous

systemic sclerosis

Answer 35

all of them

Question 36

general anasesthesia needs speacial consideration of c-spine in rheumatoid arthritis - true or false?

Answer 36

true

antlano-axial subluxation risk, poor neck mobility and tmj dysfunction make intubation and airway management more tricky

Question 37

which of the follwoing is not a feature of systemic sclerosis?

poor mouth opening

perioral telangiectasia

macroglossia

tmj dysfunction

dry mouth

Answer 37

macroglossia