Human disease L18: Neurology 5 Stroke

Question 1

an acute compromise of blood supply to the brain results in which condition

Answer 1

stroke

Question 2

strokes are a result of either cerebral infarction or cerebral haemorrhage, which of the two are the main reasons to developing a stroke

Answer 2

cerebral infarction = 90%

cerebral haemorrhage = 10%

Question 3

what colour does blood show up on a CT scan

Answer 3

white

Question 4

what does this CT scan show

Answer 4

Cerebral infarction / stroke

Question 5

what does midline shift mean in reference to a CT scan showing a intercerebral hemorrhage

Answer 5

Midline shift is a shift of the brain past its center line.

Question 6

explain why this image of a CT scan is not a stroke

Answer 6

A stroke / Cerebral infarction would appear dark on a CT scan. the CT scan shows a intercranial hemorrohage (white = blood)

Question 7

what type of hemorrhage is this

Answer 7

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 8

the subarachnoid space is between which two layers

Answer 8

arachnoid mater and pia mater

Question 9

what does the subarachnoid space consists of

Answer 9

the cerobrospinal fluid

major blood vessels

cisterns - he cisterns are enlarged pockets of CSF created due to the separation of the arachnoid mater from the pia mater based on the anatomy of the brain and spinal cord surface.

Question 10

70% of subarachnoid haemorrhage occur through the rupture of a berry aneurysm in which artery

Answer 10

cerebral artery

Question 11

whereabouts would you expect a berry aneurysm to occur

Answer 11

berry aneurysms occur in a weakened area in the wall of a blood vessel.

Question 12

the tangle of abnormal blood vessels connecting arteries and veins in the brain are responsible for 15% of all subarachnoid haemorrhage. what is the name of this abnormality

Answer 12

arteriovenous malformation

Question 13

clinical features shown below indicate what type of haemorrhage

sudden, severe headache - thunderclap

neck stiffness, photophobia

vomiting

impaired level of consciousness

Answer 13

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 14

if you did a lumbar puncture and found blood in the sample what type of haemorrhage does this person have

Answer 14

subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 15

what is the most common cause of intercranial haemorrhage

Answer 15

hypertension

Question 16

there are two types of infarction what are they

Answer 16

transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Completed stroke

Question 17

if symptoms of a stroke relive itself within 24 hours, what type of stroke is it

Answer 17

Transient ischaemic attack

Question 18

if a patient is having symptoms of a TIA, why do they need urgent medical assessment

Answer 18

to reduce chance of progression to permanent stroke

Question 19

why is cerebral infarction the single most expensive condition in the UK

Answer 19

because stroke is associated with disability, in terms of health and social care.

Question 20

the frontal lobe is responsible for speech, motor cortex and frontal association area.

if a patient who has a disability on their right hand side such as their arms, which part of the brain was affected by the stroke

Answer 20

the stroke / cerebral infarction would have occured on the left side of the motor cortex on the frontal lobe.

Question 21

if someone had a stroke and lost their vision which functional area of the brain was affected

Answer 21

the ocipital lobe

Question 22

if someone had a stroke and lost their sense of smell and auditory association which functional area of the brain was affected

Answer 22

the temporal lobe

Question 23

if someone had a stroke and lost their sense of taste, speech, and reading which functional area of the brain was affected

Answer 23

parietal lobe

Question 24

is weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body, making it hard to perform everyday activities like eating or dressing. One-sided weakness in your arms, hands, face, chest, legs or feet can cause: Loss of balance

the above describes what term

Answer 24

hemiparesis

Question 25

loss of sensation in either lateral half of the body. is known as what

Answer 25

hemianaesthesia

Question 26

is a condition that affects your ability to produce and understand spoken language.

what is the condition

Answer 26

dysphasia

Question 27

loss of half of your vision. In other words, the right half or the left half of your vision is missing from each eye. is known as what

Answer 27

hemianopia

Question 28

what is a Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy used for

Answer 28

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is an endoscopic medical procedure in which a tube is passed into a patient’s stomach through the abdominal wall, most commonly to provide a means of feeding when oral intake is not adequate