Human disease L16: Neurology 2 blackouts Flashcards
which of these is not a synonym of black out
loss of consciousness
syncope
coma
faint
oblivious
swoon
oblivious
blackouts are usually a temporary loss of consciousness. if a patient was to have a blackout in your chair. what information would be helpful to the paramedics
a witness history is tremendously useful
- if you witnessed the circumstances before the blackout, what happened during the loss of consciousness and what happened after they regained consciousness and how long it took them can help diagnose their cause.
there are allot of reasons for someone to suddenly lose consciousness, these reasons fall in to four major system dysfunctions, what are they?
Cardiovascular
Epileptic seizure
Hypoglycaemia
Other
of the four system dysfunctions that result in blackouts which system dysfucntion is the most common
cardiovascular - system dysfunction
of the cardiovascular system dysfunction, which event is responsible for the most common cause of blackouts
vasovagal event “faint”
this when blood pressure drops and pulse reduces, fear or freight, and even hunger can contribute to vasovagal event
someone who has undergone a vasovagal “faint”, how long do they normally remain unconscious for?
usually for a few seconds
what system dysfunction does postural hypotension fall in to
cardiovascular
the sudden fall in blood pressure when we stand up results in the failure to sustain cerebral blood flow. what does this result in
this will result you to feel dizzy, sometimes even blackout. this is called postural hypotension
which two cardiac arrhythmia result in blackouts
bradyarrhythmia
and
tachyarrhythmia
epileptic seizures fall in to which system dysfunction category
neurological
which system dysfunction category does hypoglycaemia fall in to?
metabolic
if someone was to faint as a result of fear, emotion, heat, prolonged standing, and hunger, what type of blackout would this be
vasovagal
what is the general recovery time for someome who has undegone a vasovagal faint
recovery within 2 minutes
how would you manage someone who has undergone a vasovagal faint, to increase venous return
lie the patient flat and elevate legs
postural hypotension is much more common in which demographic
the elderly
how do you diagnose postural hypotension
check blood pressure whilst pateint is lying down and whilst standing up.
if you have a drop of 20 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) in your systolic blood pressure or a drop of 10 mm Hg in your diastolic blood pressure within two to five minutes of standing then you have postural hypotension.
what type of assesments of conscious levels are vital to recognize deteriorating patient
sequential assessments of conscious levels
which condition is being described: a collection of blood in the ‘potential’ space between the skull and the outer protective lining that covers the brain (the dura mater). It usually occurs because of a head injury. It is a serious condition and emergency treatment is needed
An extradural haematoma
which condition is being described: is a serious condition where blood collects between the skull and the surface of the brain. It’s usually caused by a head injury.
subdural haematoma
Both epidural and subdural hematomas involve bleeding outside of the brain, how do they differ from one another
An epidural hematoma occurs when there is bleeding inside the skull but outside the dura membrane. … A subdural hematoma occurs when the bleeding exists inside the dura, but still outside the brain.
what type of hemorrhage is this
extradural
what type of hemorrhage is this
subdural hemorrhage
what type of scans are used to diagnose intracranial bleeds
CT Scans
which of these are intrinsic brain disorders causes impaired consciousness
metabolic / endocrine disease
stroke
CNS infection
liver failure
Epilepsy
Tumour / mass lesion
head injury
sepsis
drugs / alcohol / poisoning
respiratory failure
renal failure
head injury
stroke
tumour / mass lesion
epilepsy
which of these diffuse brain dysfunction disorders causes impaired consciousness
metabolic / endocrine disease
stroke
CNS infection
liver failure
Epilepsy
Tumour / mass lesion
head injury
sepsis
drugs / alcohol / poisoning
respiratory failure
renal failure
Metabolic / endocrine disease
Drugs / Alcohol / poisoning
CNS infection
sepsis
liver failure
Respiratory failure
Renal failure
when assessing conscious level, what scale is used for the assesment
the glasgow coma scale
the glasgow coma scale provides a score between what?
3 - 15
the glasgow coma scale is scored in three domains what are the domains
eye opening
motor response
verbal response
having low oxygen levels in your blood is called
hypoxemia
aving low oxygen levels in your tissue is called
hypoxia
Oxygen saturation refers to the amount of oxygen that’s in your bloodstream. The body requires a specific amount of oxygen in your blood to function properly. The normal range of oxygen saturation for adults is
94 to 99 percen
which condition is being described : is a buildup of carbon dioxide in your bloodstream. It affects people who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD
Hypercapnia
which condition occurs when the concentration of sodium in your blood is abnormally low. Sodium is an electrolyte, and it helps regulate the amount of water that’s in and around your cells.
Hyponatremia
is a condition in which the calcium level in your blood is above normal. Too much calcium in your blood can weaken your bones, create kidney stones, and interfere with how your heart and brain work.
what is the above condition
hypercalcemia
