Human Body Orientation and Terminology Flashcards
hierarchy of structural organization
atomic/molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, ecosystem
axial vs. appendicular
axial - the main axis of the body
appendicular - the limbs
frontal (coronal) plane
lies vertically and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
median (midsagittal) plane
specific sagittal plane that lies vertically in the middle, divides the body into right and left
transverse plane
runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts
body cavities of the axial region
dorsal cavity: cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
ventral cavity: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
tube-within-a-tube body plan
inner tube: extends from mouth to anus and includes the pharynx, respiratory and digestive organs
outer tube: consists of axial skeleton and associated axial muscles that make up the outer body wall and nervous structures
standard anatomical position
person stands erect with feet together and eyes forward
palms face anteriorly with thumbs pointed away from body
rostral
toward nasal region or higher brain centers
caudal
toward lower spine
similar to “inferior”
ipsilateral
same side
contralateral
opposite side
