Blood Flashcards
blood
an atypical connective tissue
develops from mesenchyme
located within blood vessels and heart
composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma (liquid fluid matrix)
blood function
transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes
helps regulate body temperature
volume
males 5-6 liters
females 4-5 liters
composition of blood
erythrocytes (45% of blood)
leukocyte and platelets (<1% of blood)
plasma (55% of blood)
plasma
straw-colored, sticky fluid portion of blood that lacks RBCs, WBCs, and platelets
makes up 55% of blood
approximately 90% of water
contains over 100 kinds of molecules: ions eg Na+ and Cl-, nutrients (sugars, lipids, amino acids, proteins)
hematocrit
measure of the % RBC volume in blood
males 47%
females 42%
3 main proteins of plasma
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
erythrocytes
oxygen-transporting cells
7.5 um in diameter
have no organelles or nuclei
packed with oxygen-carrying hemoglobin
erythrocytes pick up O2 at _____ capillaries and release O2 at ____ capillaries
pick up O2 at lung capillaries
release O2 at other tissue capillaries
structural characteristics contributing to respiratory function of erythrocytes
biconcave shape gives 30% more surface area
lack mitochondria
do not consume the O2 they pick up
leukocytes
originate in bone marrow
4,800-11,000 wbcs/cubic mm
protect the body from infectious microorganisms
function outside the bloodstream in loose connective tissue with amoeboid movement
diapedesis
circulating leukocytes leave capillaries and venules by actively squeezing between endothelial cells
never let monkeys eat bananas
neutrophils (50-70%) lymphocytes (20-45%) monocytes (3-8%) eosinophils (1-4%) basophils (0.5-1%)
granulocytes
contain cytoplasmic granules
neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils
agranulocytes
lack cytoplasmic granules
monocytes
lymphocytes
neutrophils
granulocyte
most numerous leukocyte at 50-70%
phagocytize and destroy bacteria
nucleus has 2 to 6 lobes
eosinophils
granulocyte rare leukocyte at 1-4% bilobed nucleus red cytoplasmic granules play roles in human defense response to: allergic reactions, parasitic infection
basophils
granulocyte rare leukocyte at 0.5-1% usually bilobed nucleus cytoplasmic granules secrete histamines functions in inflammation mediation (similar to mast cells)
monocytes
agranulocyte
3-8% of leukocytes
nucleus is kidney-shaped
transform into phagocytic macrophages
lymphocytes
second most common 20-45%
most important cells of the immune system
large spherical nucleus which stains purple
effective in fighting infectious organisms
act against a specific foreign molecule (antigen)
T cells and B cells
T cells and B cells
T cells attack foreign cells directly
B cells multiply to become plasma cells that secrete antibodies
platelets
cell fragments which break off from megakaryocytes function in clotting of blood
hematopoiesis
process by which blood cells are formed in bone marrow
sites of red marrow where blood is formed
between trabeculae of spongy bone of axial skeleton
pelvic girdle made of two hip bones
proximal epiphyses of humerus and femur
