How does the body fight Infectious Diseases

Question 1

The body has three main lines of defense to keep us healthy:

Answer 1

• First line of defense—physical and chemical defenses
• Second line of defense—inflammation
• Third line of defense—the immune system

Question 2

Where are Mucous membranes located?

Answer 2

Mucous membranes, this protective lining around your nose, eyes, and mouth secretes liquid called mucous.

Question 3

Why is Mucous inportant was does it do?

Answer 3

Mucous is very important because it can trap and get rid of dangerous pathogens, but there is also a chemical in mucous that fights the pathogens.

Question 4

Physical Defenses:

Answer 4

• skin
• Moving of cilia
• Trapping of pathogens by mucous membranes
• Washing away pathogens by saliva and tears
• Motion of the digestive system that moves pathogens out

Question 5

Chemical Defenses:

Answer 5

• The chemicals in the saliva and tears that attack pathogens
• The chemicals in the mucous that attack pathogens
• The chemicals in the digestive system that kill many pathogens

Question 6

What is cilia was does it do?

Answer 6

Cilia helps move mucus and pathogens out of your body when you cough or sneeze

Question 7

If pathogens are able to get past the physical and chemical defenses and begin to injure cells what happens?

Answer 7

your body is ready with its second line of defense—inflammation.

Question 8

What is inflammation?

Answer 8

Inflammation fights infection and promotes the healing process.

Question 9

What is an example of inflammation?

Answer 9

When you cut or injure yourself, you might notice that blood or swelling occurs. When blood rushes to the surface of the skin due to an injury, special white blood cells called phagocytes go to the area to destroy pathogens and help the healing process.

Question 10

What are phagocytes?

Answer 10

special white blood cells called phagocytes go to the area to destroy pathogens and help the healing process.

Question 11

However, inflammation and phagocytes can’t beat the pathogens by themselves; they need the help of what?

Answer 11

the entire immune system.

Question 12

What does the immune system do?

Answer 12

The immune system fights disease by producing a separate set of weapons for each kind of pathogen it encounters.

Question 13

What are lymphocytes?

Answer 13

White blood cells called lymphocytes carry out most of the immune system’s functions.

Question 14

What is immunity?

Answer 14

Immunity is your body’s ability to destroy the pathogens that it has previously encountered before the pathogens are able to cause disease.

Question 15

There are 2 types of lymphocytes what are they?

Answer 15

T cells and B cells

Question 16

What are T-cells?

Answer 16

T cells—these T lymphocytes are a type of lymphocyte that helps the immune system destroy pathogens.

Question 17

Give an example of T cells at work

Answer 17

For example, breathing in the same air as your friend who just coughed without covering her mouth. The pathogens storm your body through your nasal passage, anything that gets past the mucous in your nose is attacked by the T—cells as it enters your blood stream.

Question 18

What are B cells?

Answer 18

B cells—these B lymphocytes produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that attach to the surface of pathogens or to the toxins produced by pathogens. This binding action keeps the pathogen or toxin from harming the body

Question 19

What are antibodies?

Answer 19

Antibodies are proteins that attach to the surface of pathogens or to the toxins produced by pathogens.

Question 20

Why do Lymph nodes become swollen when the body is fighting an infection?

Answer 20

Lymph nodes will become swollen when the body is fighting an infection because phagocytes and lymphocytes accumulate at the lymph nodes

Question 21

Where does the doctor check for inflammation of the lymph nodes?

Answer 21

Many times a doctor will feel on the sides of your neck to check for inflammation of your lymph nodes.

Question 22

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 22

The lymphatic system is a network of vessels that collects fluid from your tissues and returns it to the blood stream.

Question 23

Doesn’t it look like the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are similar or even connected?

Answer 23

The systems are connected because the lymphatic system collects fluid from the body tissue and returns it to the bloodstream.

Question 24

What are immunizations?

Answer 24

Immunizations, or vaccinations, are injections that contain small amounts of dead or modified pathogen or their toxins.

Question 25

What is a vaccine?

Answer 25

A vaccine causes your immune system to produce antibodies against the pathogen, as if you had actually been infected.

Question 26

How have immunization changed public health?

Answer 26

Immunizations have changed the face of public health. People are able to live longer, healthier lives because we have found cures for many of the diseases that killed people before. Doctors and researchers are trying to develop and test new vaccines all the time.

Question 27

What stimulates the B cells to make antibodies?

Answer 27

Helper T cells

Question 28

How do the antibodies destroy viruses?

Answer 28

They bind to the viruses and the viruses are destroyed by phagocytes.

Question 29

After the viral infection is overcome, what happens to the B cells?

Answer 29

They continue to circulate for years, ready to produce antibodies quickly if the same kind of pathogen reenters the body.

Question 30

Would this process be different if the pathogens were bacteria instead of viruses?

Answer 30

The process would be the same.

Question 31

Which type of lymphocyte destroys infected body cells?

Answer 31

Killer T-Cells destroy infected body cells

Question 32

Inflamation causes what symtoms?

Answer 32

redness swelling and soreness