Horse Stuff Block 3 Flashcards
What is the fetlock?
The ankle
What is the canon bone?
Metacarpal iii
What is the chestnut?
Carpal pad
What is the ergot?
Metacarpal pads
What is the skin and hoof junction called?
The coronet
What is the common term for the carpal joint?
Knee
What is the proximal interphalangeal joint?
Pastern joint
What is the distal interphalangeal joint?
Coffin joint
What’s is the process on the scapular spine that isn’t on the dog?
Tuber spinae
What is the medial projection from the supraglenoid tubercle?
Coracoid process
What is between the greater and lesser tubercle?
The intermediate tubercle
What does the lateral epicondyle serve as?
Origin for extensor muscles
What does the medial epicondyle serve as?
Origin for flexors
What is the abductor pollicus longus in the horse?
Extensor carpi obliquus
What are the metacarpal bones?
Medial splint (II), canon (III), and lateral splint (IV)
What side of the carpus is the accessory carpal bone?
Lateral side
Where are the proximal sesamoid bones located?
Fetlock joint
Where is the extensor process?
And what muscle inserts here?
Proximal cranial side of coffin bone
Common digital extensor
Where is the palmar process located?
What attaches here?
The proximal palmar part of coffin bone
Attachment of hoof cartilage
What is the distal sesamoid bone referred to as?
Navicular bone
What is the insertion site of the deep digital flexor tendon?
Flexor surface of coffin bone
What are other names for proximal, middle, and distal phalanx?
Long pastern, short pastern, and coffin bone
What’s the ligament attached to the bicep that allows the horse to lock its limb in place?
Lacertis fibrosis
When tendon keeps the superficial digital flexor ligament kept in place?
Proximal check ligament
Accessory ligament of superficial digital flexor
What is the fascia that holds of antebrachial muscle tendons together?
Extensor/flexor retinaculum
What are the two muscles of the carpus that does not have a tendon sheath
Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris
What is the suspensory ligament in dogs and where does it insert?
Interosseous muscles
Inserts on proximal sesamoid bones
Where does the SDF insert?
Distal end of PI and proximal end of PII
What helps to hold the SDF and DDF in position?
The Palmer annular ligament (fetlock)
The proximal annular ligament
The distal annular ligament
What is the pad that protects the distal phalanx (PIII) from hitting the ground?
Digital cushion
What protects/cushions the navicular bone
Navicular bursa or bursa podotrochlearis
What are the 2 sesamoidian ligaments?
Oblique sesamoidian ligament and straight sesamoidian ligament
What does navicular syndrome cause?
Lameness and effects ligaments and bursa. Degenerative
What is navicular bursitis?
Inflammation of navicular bursa likely caused by infection
What is bowed tendon?
Strain of the flexor tendons
What is the artery called once it emerges from the carpal canal?
Medial palmar artery: principal blood supply to digit
What is are the major branches of the equine arteries
Axillary, brachial, median, medial palmar, lateral and medial digital, Argus terminalis (terminal arch)
What arteries contribute to the rate carpi dorsali
Transverse cubital and cranial interosseous
What do the arteries of the rete carpi dorsali give rise to?
Medial and lateral dorsal metacarpal arteries
Where do the medial and lateral digital arteries inserts in the coffin bone
Solar foramina
What artery does the collateral ulnar artery join and what does it form?
The palmar branch of the median artery
Forms the lateral palmar artery
What artery does the lateral palmar artery give rise to?
The deep palmar arch
Describe the course of the radial artery
Median artery branches into radial which branches into the deep palmar arch and then the radial rejoins the median
What arteries does the deep palmar arch give rise to?
Lateral and medial metacarpal arteries
What is the difference between dog and horse when it comes to the nerves?
Median and musculocutaneous nerves are fused
What are the 2 branches of the musculocutaneus nerve?
Proximal and distal musculocutaneous branches
What are the 2 main nerves that innervate after the carpus of the horse?
Media and ulnar n
Which does of the carpus does the median nerve go down?
The medial side
Where does the palmar nerves turn into the digital nerves?
At the fetlock joint
What does the median nerve split into proximal to the fetlock?
A medial palmar n and a lateral palmar n
What does the ulnar nerve branch into?
Dorsal branch of ulnar n
Palmar branch of ulnar n
What happens to the palmar branch of the ulnar nerve?
It joins with the lateral palmar n (from the median n) and becomes the lateral palmar n
What is the branch that comes off of the lateral palmar n and what does it give rise to?
Deep branch of the lateral palmar n giving rise to a medial palmar metacarpal and lateral palmar metacarpal
Cutaneous anti brachial nerves: what is the parent nerve for each of these
Cranial cutaneous antebrachial n
Caudal cutaneous antebrachial n
Medial cutaneous antebrachial n
Lateral cutaneous antebrachial n
Axillary
Ulnar
Musculocutaneous
Radial
What is the junction between the hoof and the skin?
Periople
What is the space between the frog and the bar called?
The paracuneal solcus
What is another name for the dermis of the hoof?
Corium
What is blood supply to the hoof called and what are the 3 parts?
Venous plexus
Coronary plexus
Dorsal plexus
Palmar plexus
How does blood circulate the hoof?
Through the concussive force of walking and running
What is the passive stay apparatus?
Prevents flex ion of shoulder and elbow
Prevents over extension of carpus and fetlock
What are the 2 ligaments of the fetlock that assist in the passive stay apparatus?
Suspensory ligament and sesamoidian ligaments
What is thrush?
Infection of the frog
What is corns
Bruises of the sole at the angle
What is quittor?
Infection of cartilage
What is side bone?
Ossification of cartilage
What is laminitis and founder?
Inflammation of lamina
What is the significance of the ligament of ergot?
Ligament that runs from ergot to hoof, lateral digital nerve often is cut to stop pain
