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Anatomy > Day Before Short Deck > Flashcards

Day Before Short Deck Flashcards

1
Q

What are some things that decrease LES tone?

A

Anti-cholinergic
Hiatal hernia
Distal esophagitis
Pre-anesthetics and anesthetics

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2
Q

What are some things that increase LES tone?

A

Cholinergic drugs
Metoclopramadide
Cisapride

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3
Q

What are 3 pro-gastric acid secreting things?

A

Acetylcholine
Histamine
Gastrin

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4
Q

What does dopamine do in reference to GI peristalsis?

A

Inhibits GI motility

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5
Q

What does acetylcholine do in reference to GI peristalsis?

A

Promotes GI peristalsis

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6
Q

What does serotonin do for GI peristalsis?

A

Increase GI peristalsis

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7
Q

What does SLUDDE stand for

A

Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defication
Dyspnea
Emesis

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8
Q

What is the emetic for dogs? What does it target?

A

Apomorphine. D2 receptor in chemoreceptor trigger zone

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9
Q

What is the emetic for cats? And what receptor does it target?

A

Xylazine. Alpha 2 of vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone

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10
Q

What slows gastrin production?

A

Somatostatin

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11
Q

What things block parietal cell secretion?

A

Prostaglandins
Somatostatin
Anti-cholanergic drugs
Histamine-2-receptor antagonist

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12
Q

What occurs during fasted state in GI tract (sweeping)
And what drug helps dogs do this?

A

Migrating Motor Complex
Motilin

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13
Q

What do opioids do and what are they good for?

A

Increase segmental contractions
Great for anti-diarrhea

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14
Q

What reflex makes you have to poop after eating?

A

Gastrocolic reflex

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15
Q

What are the 4 pathways to vomiting?

A

Cerebral cortex
Abdominal viscera
Vestibular apparatus
Chemoreceptor trigger zone

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16
Q

What are the receptors of the vomiting center?

A

Alpha-2, NK-1

17
Q

What are the receptors of the vestibular apparatus?

A

M1

18
Q

What are the receptors of the chemoreceptor trigger zone?

A

D2, Alpha2, NK1, 5HT3, H1

19
Q

What are the receptors for the abdominal viscera?

A

5HT3 and aNK1

20
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus receptors for cats?

A

M

21
Q

What is the chemoreceptor trigger zone receptors for cats?

A

NK1, Alpha-2, 5-HT3

22
Q

What is the only non-targetable receptor for cats?

A

5HT3 of the abdominal viscera

23
Q

What are the non-targetable receptors for the dog?

A

Vestibular apparatus: M1
Chemoreceptor trigger zone: 5HT3
Vomiting center: alpha-2

24
Q

What is ok size of kidney in cats?

A

2.4-3X length of L2

25
Q

What is ok size for kidney in dog?

A

2.5-3.5X length of L2

26
Q

What are top 2 gases in rumenal gas cap?

A

Carbon monoxide
Methane

27
Q

What is highest producing VFA in rumen?

A

Acetate

Anatomy (26 decks)

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