Dental Flashcards
What are the dental quadrants?
1-4 starting with top right and ending with bottom right
What is the rule of 4s and 9s?
The canine is always the 400 and the first molar is always the 900
What is the upper arcade formula for canines?
3, 1, 4, 2
What is the lower arcade formula for canines?
3, 1, 4, 3
What is the upper arcade formula for felines?
3, 1, 3, 1
What is the lower arcade formula for canines?
3, 1, 2, 1
What numbers do cats not have on the upper arcade
105 and 205
What numbers do cats not have on the lower arcade?
305, 306, 405, 406
What is the directional term toward the median line?
Mesial
What is the directional term away from the median line?
Distal
What are the front of the canines and incisors directionally referred to as?
Labial
What are the lateral sides of the teeth directionally referred to as?
Buccal
What are the upper arcade medial side directional referred to as?
Palatal
What are the lower arcade medial teeth directionally referred to as?
Lingual
What is type 0 periodontal score?
Normal
What is type I periodontal disease?
Malocclusion of a single or individual teeth
What is type II periodontal disease?
Overbite
What is type III periodontal disease?
Underbit
What is type IV periodontal disease?
Wry bite, all over
What are the layers of the crown called?
Enamel, dentin, pulp chamber
What are the layers of the root called?
Cementum, Pulp chamber
What is the junction between the enamel and the cementum called?
Cementoenamel junction
What surrounds the root of the tooth?
Periodontal ligament
What is the normal space between the tooth and the gingiva?
The gingival sulcus (normal depth ~1-3mm in dogs and ~0.5-1mm in cats)
What is the defining factor in stage II periodontal disease?
Up to 25% periodontal support loss
What is the defining factor of type III periodontal disease?
25-50% loss of periodontal support
What are the aging factors of horses?
Eruption dates of permanent lower incisors
Teeth in wear
Angle of upper and lower arcade
What is the most reliable way to age a horse?
Eruption of LOWER INCISORS
What is the dental formulae for horses?
3 - I
1 - C
3 - P (not including Wolf)
3 - M
Which tooth is the first upper premolar?
Wolf tooth
What type of teeth do horses have related to growth?
Hypsodont teeth (grow continually)
What are the dental terminology for teeth and what do they mean age wise?
In wear - labial cusp exposed - 6 month
Level - both cusps in wear
Cup Gone - no space
Enamel spot - bottom of cup
Dental star - remodeled dentine
What is the groove on upper I3 called?
Galvayne’s groove
What does the galvayne groove show?
At gumline = 10 years
Midway = 15 years
Occlusal surface = 20 years
What are the eruption dates of the incisors?
I1 - 2 1/2 years
I2 - 3 1/2 years
I3 - 4 1/2 years
What are the eruption dates of the premolars?
P1 - 1/2 year (wolf tooth)
P2 - 2 1/2 years
P3 - 3 years
P4 - 4 years
What are the eruption dates of molars?
M1 - 1 year
M2 - 2 years
M3 - 3 years
What are the cup gone phases of horses?
I1 - 6 years
I2 - 7 years
I3 - 8 years
What is the 7 year hook?
A projection of the tooth from I3 at 7 years
What is the progression of the 7 year hook?
7 years - hook present
9 years - gone
11 years - hook back
What is the progression of tooth shape change in horses?
Oval > Round > Triangular > Rectangle
What is the progression of shape change with dates for I1, I2?
Oval (erupts)
Round (9 years), (10 years)
Triangular (16 years), (17 years)
Rectangular (18 years), (19 years)
