Anatomy Block 2 Flashcards
What are the terms for the different size heads?
Brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic
What are the different parts of the occipital bone
interparietal, external occipital protuberance, Nuchal crest
What is the structure called that allows the spinal cord to exit the skull?
Foramen magnum
What is the process in the temporal bone where the tympanic membrane is housed?
Tympanic bulla
What is the bony canal for hearing called and where is it located?
External acoustic meatus, located laterally from the tympanic bulla
Where does the infraorbital nerve leave through and where is it located
This is the infraorbital foramen and it is located rostrally to the eye
What completes the orbit for dogs and cats?
The orbital ligament
What are the 3 processes of the mandible?
Coronoid process, condyloid process, angular process
What are the two foramens of the mandible
Mental foramen and mandibular foramen
What is the depression where the masseter muscle sits called?
Masseteric fossa
What nerve runs through the mandibular foramen?
Inferior alveolar
What nerve runs through the mental foramen?
The mental nerve
What are the bones of the hyoid?
Basihyoid, thyrohyoid, ceratohyoid, epihyoid, stylohyoid, and the tympanohyoid cartilage
What is the most superficial muscle of facial expression?
Platysma
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Platysma
Zygomaticus
Frontalis
Orbicularis oris
Orbicularis oculi
Parotidoauricular
Auricular muscles
Buccinator
levator nasolabialis
What are the muscles of mastication
Masseter
Pterygoid
Temporalis (deep to frontalis)
Digastricus (only muscle to open mouth)
Where is the pterygoid muscle?
Lateral to the pterygoid bones. medial to the masseter
What are the pharyngeal muscles?
Rostral to caudal
Hyopharyngeus
Thyropharyngeus
Cricopharyngeus
What is the purpose of the hyoid/thyroid muscles?
To manipulate laryngeal cartilage and hyoid apparatus
What are the muscles that connect to the thyroid?
Sternothyroideus
Cricothyroideus
What are the muscles that connect to the hyoid bones?
sternohyoideus
thyrohyoideus
myohyoideus
geniohyoidius
Cricoarytenoideus dorsalis
What are the muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Intrinsic muscles
What are the 5 salivary glands?
Parotid salivary gland
Monostomatic salivary gland
Polystomatic salivary gland
Mandibular salivary gland
Zygomatic salivary gland
Where does the parotid duct come out?
The upper 4th premolar
What are the lymph nodes of the head?
Mandibular lymph nodes (2-4)
Medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes
What do the mandibular lymph nodes drain?
Surface of head
What do the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain
The whole head
What are the arteries of the external carotid?
Occipital
Lingual
Facial
Caudal auricular
Superficial temporal
What are the arteries of the maxillary?
Inferior alveolar
External ophthalmic
Minor palatine
Infraorbital
What are the arteries of the descending palatine?
Major palatine
Sphinopalatine
What are the two main veins that come together to form the external jugular vein?
Maxillary vein and linguofacial vein (facial veins)
What does the olfactory nerve do?
Sensory, smell
What does the optic nerve do?
Sensory, vision
What does the oculomotor nerve do?
Eye movement
What does the trochlear nerve do?
Eye movement
What does the trigeminal nerve do?
Sensory to face
Sensory to teeth
Motor to muscles of mastication
What does the abducent nerve do?
Eye movement
What does the facial nerve do?
Motor facial expression
Rostral taste
What does the vestibulocochlear nerve do?
Hearing and balance
What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Caudal taste
What does the vagus nerve do?
Autonomic function
What does the accessory nerve do?
Motor to neck and shoulder
What does the hypoglossal nerve do?
Tongue movement
Where does the olfactory nerve enter through?
The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
And then the 3 branches within the one and additional branch in the other
Ophthalmic Branch - sensory to eyelid, eye, and nasal mucosa
Maxillary Branch - Sensory to lower eyelid and nasal mucosa
»>Infraorbital n. = sensory to upper teeth
Mandibular Branch = Motor to mastication
»»Lingual n. = sensory to tongue
»»Inferior alveolar n. = sensory to lower arcade
»»Mylohyoid n. = motor to mylohyoideus
What are the branches of the facial nerve called?
Buccal branches = motor to facial expression
What are branches of the vagus nerve
Cranial laryngeal n = motor to cricothyroideus m
Caudal laryngeal n = motor to laryngeal m
Vagosympathetic trunk = Autonomic system
What muscles does the accessory nerve innervate?
Trapezius m
Cleidocephalicus
Sternocephalicus
What does the vertebral artery go through?
Transverse foramen
What do the spinal nerves go through?
The intervertebral foramen
What are the anatomical landmarks of the atlas?
C1
Lateral vertebral foramen
Arch and wings
What are the anatomical landmarks of the axis?
C2
Spinous process
What are the anatomical landmarks of cervical vertebra?
Spinous process
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
What does the atlas use instead of the transverse foramen?
Lateral vertebral foramen
What bones line the nasal canal?
Dorsally = nasal bone
Ventrally = maxilla
Ventrally = maxilla and palatine
What is the internal nares called?
Choanae
What is the line down the center of a dog’s nostril?
Philtrum
What is the artery that vascularizes the nasal cavity?
Sphenopalatine
What are the 3 conchae?
Dorsal conchae
Ventral conchae
Ethmoidal conchae
What are the 4 meatus
Dorsal meatus
Ventral meatus
Common meatus
Middle meatus
What are the 2 paranasal sinuses?
Maxillary sinus
Frontal sinus
What is another name for paranasal sinuses?
Diverticula
What are the 2 divisions of the oral cavity?
Vestibule: Space between gums and lips
Oral cavity proper
What are the ridges on the top of the mouth?
Rugae
What is the medial line down the hard palate of the oral cavity proper?
Raphe
What is the connective tissue that holds the tongue to the bottom of the mouth?
Frenulum
What are the 5 types of papillae?
And where are they found on the tongue?
Filiform - All over
Fungiform - All over
Foliate - Lateral on root
Vallate - medial on root
Conical - Spikes on root
What is the cartilaginous piece in apex of tongue?
Lyssa
What are the 3 divisions of the tongue?
Apex, body, root
What is the medial line down the tongue called?
Median sulcus
What are the 3 papillae that are tastebuds?
Foliate
Fungiform
Vallate
How many of each type of tooth is on the upper arcade?
3 incisors
1 canine
4 premolars
2 molars
How many of each type of tooth is on the bottom arcade
3 incisors
1 canine
4 premolars
3 molars
What is the carnassial tooth on both upper and lower arcade?
Upper P4
Lower M1
