Cardio Anatomy Flashcards
Between which ribs does the heart rest?
Between 3rd and 6th
What percent of body weight does the heart weigh?
1%
Which direction does the base point?
Craniodorsally
Which direction does the apex point?
Caudoventrally
What encloses the heart?
Pericardium within the pericardial cavity
What is the left side of the heart called?
Auricular surface
What is the right side of the heart called?
Atrial surface
What is the interventricular groove on the auricular (left) side called?
Paraconal interventricular groove
What is the interventricular groove on the atrial (right) side called?
Subsinuosal interventricular groove
What is the separation between the atrium and the ventricles?
Coronary groove
What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Which chambers are the deoxygenated blood?
Right chambers (right atrium and right ventricle)
What are the 2 parts to the right atrium?
Sinus vinarum
Right auricle
What are the 2 aspects to the sinus venarum?
Intervenous tubercle
Fossa ovalis
What is the intervenous tubercle?
Within the sinus venarum
Ridge between the cranial and caudal vena cava
What is the fossa ovalis?
In sinus venarum
Foramen ovale in fetus
What are the 2 aspects of the right auricle?
Crista terminalis: Sinoatrial node
Pectinate mm
What are the 5 sources of blood to the right atrium?
Caudal vena cava
Cranial vena cava
Azygos vein
Coronary sinus
Small cardiac veins
What does the right ventricle pump blood into?
Pulmonary trunk
What does the pulmonary trunk split into?
Right and left pulmonary arteries
What is the muscle within the ventricle and what does the muscle attach to?
Papillary mm and attaches to chordae tendinae
What do the chordae tendinae attach to?
Attach atrioventricular valve flaps to papillary mm
What is the muscle of the ventricular wall?
Trabeculae carneae
What is the muscle that connects septal and parietal walls in both left and right ventricle? And what is its function?
Trabecula septomarginalis
Allows simultaneous contraction of heart walls through passing nerve bundles
How many veins does the left atrium receive blood from?
5-6
What fetal remnant is left in the left atrium?
Valve of foramen ovale
Where does the left ventricle eject blood to?
Aorta
What are the 4 heart valves?
Atrioventricular: right and left
Semilunar: aortic valve and pulmonary valve
What are the 2 cusps of the atrioventricular valves?
Septal cusp and parietal cusp
How many cusps do the semilunar valves have (pulmonary and aortic)
3
What are the cusps of the aortic valve?
Right semilunar cusp
Left semilunar cusp
Septal semilunar cusp
What are the cusps of the pulmonary valve?
Right semilunar cusp
Left semilunar cusp
Intermediate semilunar cusp
On the left side where do you hear the pulmonary valve, aortic valve, and left AV valve (mitral)
PAM: 1, 2, 3
Low high low
Where do you hear the right AV node?
3 or 4 IS low
What makes the lub sound?
Closure of the right and left atrioventricular valve
What makes the dub sound?
Closer of the aortic and pulmonary valve
What are the 2 nodes?
Sinoatrial node (right auricle)
Atrioventricular node (septal cusp of right AV valve)
What is the ring around each valve?
Fibrous base / fibrous rings
What are the 7 things passing through the thoracic inlet
Trachea
Esophagus
Vagosympathetic trunk
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Phrenic nerves
First 2 thoracic spinal nerves
Major vessels
What are the functions of the diaphragm?
Aids in respiration
Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
What nerves innervate the diagram
Right and left phrenic nerves (C5-C7)
What are the 3 openings to the diaphragm
Aortic hiatus
Esophageal hiatus
Foramen vena cava
What passes through the aortic hiatus?
Aorta
Azygos vein
Thoracic duct
What passes through the esophageal hiatus?
Esophagus
Vagaries nerve trunks
What passes through the foramen vena cava?
Caudal vena cava
What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
First pair of ribs to the first thoracic vertebra to the manubrium
