Cardio Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Between which ribs does the heart rest?

A

Between 3rd and 6th

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2
Q

What percent of body weight does the heart weigh?

A

1%

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3
Q

Which direction does the base point?

A

Craniodorsally

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4
Q

Which direction does the apex point?

A

Caudoventrally

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5
Q

What encloses the heart?

A

Pericardium within the pericardial cavity

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6
Q

What is the left side of the heart called?

A

Auricular surface

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7
Q

What is the right side of the heart called?

A

Atrial surface

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8
Q

What is the interventricular groove on the auricular (left) side called?

A

Paraconal interventricular groove

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9
Q

What is the interventricular groove on the atrial (right) side called?

A

Subsinuosal interventricular groove

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10
Q

What is the separation between the atrium and the ventricles?

A

Coronary groove

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11
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart wall?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Which chambers are the deoxygenated blood?

A

Right chambers (right atrium and right ventricle)

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13
Q

What are the 2 parts to the right atrium?

A

Sinus vinarum
Right auricle

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14
Q

What are the 2 aspects to the sinus venarum?

A

Intervenous tubercle
Fossa ovalis

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15
Q

What is the intervenous tubercle?

A

Within the sinus venarum
Ridge between the cranial and caudal vena cava

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16
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

In sinus venarum
Foramen ovale in fetus

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17
Q

What are the 2 aspects of the right auricle?

A

Crista terminalis: Sinoatrial node
Pectinate mm

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18
Q

What are the 5 sources of blood to the right atrium?

A

Caudal vena cava
Cranial vena cava
Azygos vein
Coronary sinus
Small cardiac veins

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19
Q

What does the right ventricle pump blood into?

A

Pulmonary trunk

20
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk split into?

A

Right and left pulmonary arteries

21
Q

What is the muscle within the ventricle and what does the muscle attach to?

A

Papillary mm and attaches to chordae tendinae

22
Q

What do the chordae tendinae attach to?

A

Attach atrioventricular valve flaps to papillary mm

23
Q

What is the muscle of the ventricular wall?

A

Trabeculae carneae

24
Q

What is the muscle that connects septal and parietal walls in both left and right ventricle? And what is its function?

A

Trabecula septomarginalis
Allows simultaneous contraction of heart walls through passing nerve bundles

25
How many veins does the left atrium receive blood from?
5-6
26
What fetal remnant is left in the left atrium?
Valve of foramen ovale
27
Where does the left ventricle eject blood to?
Aorta
28
What are the 4 heart valves?
Atrioventricular: right and left Semilunar: aortic valve and pulmonary valve
29
What are the 2 cusps of the atrioventricular valves?
Septal cusp and parietal cusp
30
How many cusps do the semilunar valves have (pulmonary and aortic)
3
31
What are the cusps of the aortic valve?
Right semilunar cusp Left semilunar cusp Septal semilunar cusp
32
What are the cusps of the pulmonary valve?
Right semilunar cusp Left semilunar cusp Intermediate semilunar cusp
33
On the left side where do you hear the pulmonary valve, aortic valve, and left AV valve (mitral)
PAM: 1, 2, 3 Low high low
34
Where do you hear the right AV node?
3 or 4 IS low
35
What makes the lub sound?
Closure of the right and left atrioventricular valve
36
What makes the dub sound?
Closer of the aortic and pulmonary valve
37
What are the 2 nodes?
Sinoatrial node (right auricle) Atrioventricular node (septal cusp of right AV valve)
38
What is the ring around each valve?
Fibrous base / fibrous rings
39
What are the 7 things passing through the thoracic inlet
Trachea Esophagus Vagosympathetic trunk Recurrent laryngeal nerve Phrenic nerves First 2 thoracic spinal nerves Major vessels
40
What are the functions of the diaphragm?
Aids in respiration Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
41
What nerves innervate the diagram
Right and left phrenic nerves (C5-C7)
42
What are the 3 openings to the diaphragm
Aortic hiatus Esophageal hiatus Foramen vena cava
43
What passes through the aortic hiatus?
Aorta Azygos vein Thoracic duct
44
What passes through the esophageal hiatus?
Esophagus Vagaries nerve trunks
45
What passes through the foramen vena cava?
Caudal vena cava
46
What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?
First pair of ribs to the first thoracic vertebra to the manubrium