HISTORY, GENETICS Flashcards
recommend Sodium phosphate as blood preservative
a. Braxton Hicks
b. Karl Landsteiner
c. Hustin
d. rous and terner
> Braxton Hicks:
recommend Sodium phosphate as blood preservative
> Karl Landsteiner:
discover the ABO blood group system
> Hustin:
uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
a. Braxton Hicks
b. Karl Landsteiner
c. Hustin
d. rous and terner
> Braxton Hicks:
recommend Sodium phosphate as blood preservative
> Karl Landsteiner:
discover the ABO blood group system
> Hustin:
uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
he introduced the citrate dextrose preservative
a. Braxton Hicks
b. Karl Landsteiner
c. Hustin
d. rous and terner
> Braxton Hicks:
recommend Sodium phosphate as blood preservative
> Karl Landsteiner:
discover the ABO blood group system
> Hustin:
uses sodium citrate as an anticoagulant
> rous and turner
introduced CITRATE DEXTROSE preservative
introduced Citrate Phosphate Dextrose preservative
a. Lewisohn
b. Rous and Turner
c. Loutit and mollison
d. Gibson
Lewisohn:
determined the minimum amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation
demonstrated its nontoxicity in small
amounts
Rous and Turner:
introduced the citrate dextrose preservative
Dr. Charles Drew:
director of first American Red Cross blood bank
Loutit and Mollison:
introduced the ACD preservative
Gibson:
introduced Citrate Phosphate Dextrose preservative
Total genetic composition of an individual, representing maternally and paternally derived genes.
a. genetics
b. phenotype
c. gene
d. dosage effect
Gene:
- A SEGMENT OF DNA arranged along the chromosome at a specific position called locus. Gene at a specific locus that differ in their nucleotide sequence are called alleles
Dosage effect:
- Presence of HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPE can express itself with more antigen than the heterozygous genotype
Genotype:
- Total genetic composition of an individual, representing MATERNALLY AND PATERNALLY derived genes. It is the complement of DNA that is inherited.
Phenotype:
- Detectable or expressed characteristics of genes
Concerning genetic traits in large numbers of individuals
a. population genetics
b. cellular genetics
c. molecular genetics
d. aota
Population genetics
Concerning genetic traits in large numbers of individuals
Cellular genetics
Pertains to the cellular organization of genetic material
Molecular genetics
Based on the biochemistry of genes and the structures that support them
what law of inhertance is Each gene is passed on to the next generation on its own
a. law of segregation
b. law of assortment
c. law of dominance
Law of segregation
Each gene is PASSED TO THE NEXT GENERATION on its own
Law of Dominance
Mendel’s third law means that for the two alleles of a gene, THE DOMINANT ALLELE IS ALWAYS EXPRESSED because it masks the recessive allele.
Law of assortment
State that genes for different traits are INHERITED SEPARETELY from each other. This allows for all possible combinations of genes to occur in the offspring
what law of inheritance is State that genes for different traits are INHERITED SEPARETELY from each other
a. law of segregation
b. law of assortment
c. law of dominance
Law of segregation
Each gene is PASSED TO THE NEXT GENERATION on its own
Law of Dominance
Mendel’s third law means that for the two alleles of a gene, THE DOMINANT ALLELE IS ALWAYS EXPRESSED because it masks the recessive allele.
Law of assortment
State that genes for different traits are INHERITED SEPARETELY from each other. This allows for all possible combinations of genes to occur in the offspring
the cellular process by which RNA transcripts are turned into proteins and peptides, the functional molecules of the cell
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. transcription
d. translation
Meiosis
is the process of cell division unique to gametes (ova and sperm).
Mitosis
Is the process of replication in nucleated body cells (except ova and sperm cells).
Transcription
the cellular process by which one strand of duplex DNA is copied into RNA (dna to rna)
Translation
the cellular process by which RNA transcripts are turned into proteins and peptides, the functional molecules of the cell (rna to protein)
which of the non - mitosis stages is the nucleolus (nucleoli) becomes visible, and the chromosomes are extended and active metabolically
a. resting phase
b. gap 1
c. DNA synthesis
d. gap 2
Interphases / Non-Mitosis stages
G0 (quiescence/resting phase)
The cell is not actively in the cell cycle.
G1 (gap 1)
* Lasts for approximately 6 to 8 hours / 10 hours * Period of cell growth and synthesis of components necessary for replication * During this period, the nucleolus (nucleoli) becomes visible, and the chromosomes are extended and active metabolically.
S phase (DNA synthesis)
* Lasts for approximately 6 hours / 8 hours * This is the time of DNA replication, during which both growth and metabolic activities are minimal. * The centrosome is also duplicated during the S stage
G2 (gap 2)
* Relatively short, lasting approximately 4 to 5 hours / 4hours * The tetraploid DNA is checked for proper replication and damage
which of the non - mitosis stages is the tetraploid DNA is checked for proper replication and damage
a. resting phase
b. gap 1
c. DNA synthesis
d. gap 2
Interphases / Non-Mitosis stages
G0 (quiescence/resting phase)
The cell is not actively in the cell cycle.
G1 (gap 1)
* Lasts for approximately 6 to 8 hours / 10 hours * Period of cell growth and synthesis of components necessary for replication * During this period, the nucleolus (nucleoli) becomes visible, and the chromosomes are extended and active metabolically.
S phase (DNA synthesis)
* Lasts for approximately 6 hours / 8 hours * This is the time of DNA replication, during which both growth and metabolic activities are minimal. * The centrosome is also duplicated during the S stage
G2 (gap 2)
* Relatively short, lasting approximately 4 to 5 hours / 4hours * The tetraploid DNA is checked for proper replication and damage
the swollen form of chromatin in cells, which is considered to be more active in the synthesis of RNA for transcription
a. heterochromatin
b. achromatin
c. euchromatin
heterochromatin
- stains as DARK BANDS
Achromatin
- stains as LIGHT BANDS
Euchromatin
- the SWOLLEN FORMS of chromatin in cells, which is considered to be more active in the synthesis of RNA for transcription
