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A&P 241 > Histology Ch 4 > Flashcards

Histology Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surface and lines body cavities.

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2
Q

Covering and lining epithelium

A

covers and lines exterior and interior visceral surfaces

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3
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Most or all produce secretions. Discharging them onto the surface of the epithelium or into the interstitial fluid and blood.

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4
Q

5 special characteristics of epithelial tussue

A

Cellularity (bound together by cell junctions)

Polarity (refers to the structural and functional differences between the apical surface and basal surface)

Attachment (to the basement membrane/basal lamina)

Avascularity (receive nutrients by diffusion/ absorption from exposed or attached epith. surfaces)

Regeneration (damaged and lost cells are replaced by the division of stem cells in the epithelium)

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5
Q

Polarity

A

Inner and outer surfaces with different structure and function. Called apical-basal polarity

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6
Q

Apical Surface

A

An upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the internal organ cavity. Include Microvilli and Cilia

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7
Q

Basal Surface

A

Lower attached surface.

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8
Q

Microvilli

A

Finger like extentions of the plasma membrane that greatly increase exposed surface area

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hairlike projections that propel substances along their free surfaces

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10
Q

Basal lamina

A

A line supporting sheet adjacent to the basal surface. Selective barrier and scaffolding for cells to repair wounds

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11
Q

Specialized Contacts

A

Close lateral connections including tight connections and desmosomes.

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12
Q

Supported by connective tissue

A

Reticular lamina:beneath the basal lamina, fine network of fibers Basement membrane is formed by the two laminae

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13
Q

Avascular but innervated

A

no blood vessels but is supplied by nerve fibers.

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14
Q

Regulation

A

protective covering replaces it’s self rapidly

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15
Q

Epithelial classification by number

A

Simple: single layer found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur. Stratified: Two or more layers in high friction areas like lining of the mouth.

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16
Q

Epithelial classification by shape

A

Squamous: Flat, scale like Cuboidal: boxlike Columnar: tall column shaped.

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17
Q

2 types of glands

A

Endocrine (ductless) and Endocrine (have ducts)

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18
Q

Where do you find epithelial tissue

A

Covering, lining and glands

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19
Q

3 Epithelial cell shape

A

squamous cuboidal columnar

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20
Q

Types of connective tissues

A

Connective tissue proper: loose and dense Fluid connective tissue: blood and lymph Supporting connective tissue: cartilage and bone

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21
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A
  1. Loose Connective tissue 2. Dense connective tissue
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22
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

“packing materials” for the body, fill spaces between organs, cushion and stabilize cells in many organs: Areolar Adipose Reticular (mucus connective tissue in embryos)

23
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers are the dominate fiber type Regular Irregular Elastic ie. tendons

24
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage (tough but flexible ie. between ribs & sternum) Fibrocartilage (resists compression and absorbs shock ie. invertebral discs) Elastic cartilage(resilient and flexible ie. ear)

25
Bone (osseous)
Compact Spongy
26
Hyaline Cartilage
Most common,tough and somewhat flexible: Articular cartilages Connect ribs to sternum Conducting airways and nasal cartilages
27
Elastic cartilage
Elastic tissue, extremely resilient and flexible: Outer ear Epiglottis
27
3 components of connective tissue
Specialized cells Extracellular protein fibers A fluid ground substance
28
4 membranes in the body
serous cutaneous mucous synovial
29
2 cell populations that make up neural tissue
Neurons Neuroglia
30
Similarities in muscle cells
Actin and myosin interactions produce contractions, Calcium ions trigger and sustain contractions
31
Papillary layer of the dermis
Areolar (lose) tissue and contains capillary, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons
32
Reticular layer of the dermis
Lies deep to the papillary, consists of dense irregular connective tissues and bundles of collagen and elastic fibers
33
4 phases of injury repair
inflammatory: bleeding, swelling redness and pain migratory: scab formation and migrating epithelial cells proliferation: fibroblasts repair tissue under the scab scarring: scab is shed epidermis is complete, fibroblasts create scar tissue
34
Sensible perspiration
Fluid loss through active sweat glands (merocrine)
35
Insensible perspiration
Evaporation through the stratum corneum
36
Areolar tissue
A loose connective tissue that provides support but permits movement due to elastic fibers
37
Adipose tissue
A loose connective tissue that is similar to areolar but adipocytes account for most of its volume. Provides padding, absorbed shocks, and acts as an insulator. Brown fa and white fat
38
Reticular tissue
Loose connective tissue that provides a supporting framework. Found in the spleen, liver, bone and lymph nodes.
39
Dense regular connective tissue
Collagen fibers that run parallel to each other, packed tightly and align with forces applied to the tissue: Tendons: attach muscle to bone Ligaments: attach bone to bone Aponeurosis: tendentious sheet
40
Cartilage growth
Interstitial: enlarges the cartilage from within Appositional: adds new layers of cartilage to the surface
41
Fibrocartilage
Extremely durable due to little ground substance and it's interwoven collagen fibers: Spinal vertebrae Pubic bones
42
Mucus membrane
Line passageways and chambers that commute to the exterior
43
Serous membrane
Line the sealed internal cavities of the trunk-not open to the exterior: Pleura Pericardium Peritoneum
44
Cutaneous membrane
The skin that covers the body surface: Stratified Cubical Columnar
45
Synovial membrane
Line joint cavity and produce synovial fluid.
46
Connective tissue provides:
Strength ans stability Maintains relative internal position of organs Supplies route for distribution of blood, lymph and nerves
47
3 types of muscle
Skeletal: striated, voluentary, multiple nucleus Cardiac: striated, 1-5 nuclei, involuntary Smooth: Non-striated, spindle shaped, involuntary, 1 nucleus
48
Neuroglia
Severalkids of supporting cels that provide: Physical structure Repair Phagocytosis Provide nutrients Regulate interstitial fluid
49
3 modes of gland secretion
Merocrine Aprocrine Holocrine
50
Merocrine glands
The product is released by exocytosis, this is the most common mode of exocrine secretion
51
Apocrine glands
Involves loss of a portion of the cytoplasm Example is mammary glands
52
Holocrine glands
The entire cell becomes packed and bursts, destroying the cell Example is sebaceous glands in the hair follicules

A&P 241 (18 decks)

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