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A&P 241 > Histology Ch 4 > Flashcards

Histology Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surface and lines body cavities.

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2
Q

Covering and lining epithelium

A

covers and lines exterior and interior visceral surfaces

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3
Q

Glandular epithelium

A

Most or all produce secretions. Discharging them onto the surface of the epithelium or into the interstitial fluid and blood.

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4
Q

5 special characteristics of epithelial tussue

A

Cellularity (bound together by cell junctions)

Polarity (refers to the structural and functional differences between the apical surface and basal surface)

Attachment (to the basement membrane/basal lamina)

Avascularity (receive nutrients by diffusion/ absorption from exposed or attached epith. surfaces)

Regeneration (damaged and lost cells are replaced by the division of stem cells in the epithelium)

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5
Q

Polarity

A

Inner and outer surfaces with different structure and function. Called apical-basal polarity

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6
Q

Apical Surface

A

An upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the internal organ cavity. Include Microvilli and Cilia

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7
Q

Basal Surface

A

Lower attached surface.

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8
Q

Microvilli

A

Finger like extentions of the plasma membrane that greatly increase exposed surface area

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9
Q

Cilia

A

Tiny hairlike projections that propel substances along their free surfaces

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10
Q

Basal lamina

A

A line supporting sheet adjacent to the basal surface. Selective barrier and scaffolding for cells to repair wounds

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11
Q

Specialized Contacts

A

Close lateral connections including tight connections and desmosomes.

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12
Q

Supported by connective tissue

A

Reticular lamina:beneath the basal lamina, fine network of fibers Basement membrane is formed by the two laminae

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13
Q

Avascular but innervated

A

no blood vessels but is supplied by nerve fibers.

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14
Q

Regulation

A

protective covering replaces it’s self rapidly

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15
Q

Epithelial classification by number

A

Simple: single layer found where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur. Stratified: Two or more layers in high friction areas like lining of the mouth.

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16
Q

Epithelial classification by shape

A

Squamous: Flat, scale like Cuboidal: boxlike Columnar: tall column shaped.

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17
Q

2 types of glands

A

Endocrine (ductless) and Endocrine (have ducts)

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18
Q

Where do you find epithelial tissue

A

Covering, lining and glands

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19
Q

3 Epithelial cell shape

A

squamous cuboidal columnar

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20
Q

Types of connective tissues

A

Connective tissue proper: loose and dense Fluid connective tissue: blood and lymph Supporting connective tissue: cartilage and bone

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21
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A
  1. Loose Connective tissue 2. Dense connective tissue
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22
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

“packing materials” for the body, fill spaces between organs, cushion and stabilize cells in many organs: Areolar Adipose Reticular (mucus connective tissue in embryos)

23
Q

Dense connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers are the dominate fiber type Regular Irregular Elastic ie. tendons

24
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline Cartilage (tough but flexible ie. between ribs & sternum) Fibrocartilage (resists compression and absorbs shock ie. invertebral discs) Elastic cartilage(resilient and flexible ie. ear)

25
Q

Bone (osseous)

A

Compact Spongy

26
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common,tough and somewhat flexible: Articular cartilages Connect ribs to sternum Conducting airways and nasal cartilages

27
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Elastic tissue, extremely resilient and flexible: Outer ear Epiglottis

27
Q

3 components of connective tissue

A

Specialized cells Extracellular protein fibers A fluid ground substance

28
Q

4 membranes in the body

A

serous cutaneous mucous synovial

29
Q

2 cell populations that make up neural tissue

A

Neurons Neuroglia

30
Q

Similarities in muscle cells

A

Actin and myosin interactions produce contractions, Calcium ions trigger and sustain contractions

31
Q

Papillary layer of the dermis

A

Areolar (lose) tissue and contains capillary, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons

32
Q

Reticular layer of the dermis

A

Lies deep to the papillary, consists of dense irregular connective tissues and bundles of collagen and elastic fibers

33
Q

4 phases of injury repair

A

inflammatory: bleeding, swelling redness and pain migratory: scab formation and migrating epithelial cells proliferation: fibroblasts repair tissue under the scab scarring: scab is shed epidermis is complete, fibroblasts create scar tissue

34
Q

Sensible perspiration

A

Fluid loss through active sweat glands (merocrine)

35
Q

Insensible perspiration

A

Evaporation through the stratum corneum

36
Q

Areolar tissue

A

A loose connective tissue that provides support but permits movement due to elastic fibers

37
Q

Adipose tissue

A

A loose connective tissue that is similar to areolar but adipocytes account for most of its volume. Provides padding, absorbed shocks, and acts as an insulator. Brown fa and white fat

38
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Loose connective tissue that provides a supporting framework. Found in the spleen, liver, bone and lymph nodes.

39
Q

Dense regular connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers that run parallel to each other, packed tightly and align with forces applied to the tissue: Tendons: attach muscle to bone Ligaments: attach bone to bone Aponeurosis: tendentious sheet

40
Q

Cartilage growth

A

Interstitial: enlarges the cartilage from within Appositional: adds new layers of cartilage to the surface

41
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Extremely durable due to little ground substance and it’s interwoven collagen fibers: Spinal vertebrae Pubic bones

42
Q

Mucus membrane

A

Line passageways and chambers that commute to the exterior

43
Q

Serous membrane

A

Line the sealed internal cavities of the trunk-not open to the exterior: Pleura Pericardium Peritoneum

44
Q

Cutaneous membrane

A

The skin that covers the body surface: Stratified Cubical Columnar

45
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Line joint cavity and produce synovial fluid.

46
Q

Connective tissue provides:

A

Strength ans stability Maintains relative internal position of organs Supplies route for distribution of blood, lymph and nerves

47
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal: striated, voluentary, multiple nucleus

Cardiac: striated, 1-5 nuclei, involuntary

Smooth: Non-striated, spindle shaped, involuntary, 1 nucleus

48
Q

Neuroglia

A

Severalkids of supporting cels that provide:

Physical structure

Repair

Phagocytosis

Provide nutrients

Regulate interstitial fluid

49
Q

3 modes of gland secretion

A

Merocrine

Aprocrine

Holocrine

50
Q

Merocrine glands

A

The product is released by exocytosis, this is the most common mode of exocrine secretion

51
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Involves loss of a portion of the cytoplasm

Example is mammary glands

52
Q

Holocrine glands

A

The entire cell becomes packed and bursts, destroying the cell

Example is sebaceous glands in the hair follicules

A&P 241 (18 decks)

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