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A&P 241 > ANS Ch 16 > Flashcards

ANS Ch 16 Flashcards

1
Q

ANS

A

System of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscles and glands. Also called involuntary or visceral motor system.

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2
Q

Two neuron chain

A

ANS uses two neurons to reach the effector unlike the CNS that uses only one

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3
Q

Preganglionic neuron

A

First neuron whose body lies lies within the brain or spinal cord, it synapses with the second motor neuron.

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4
Q

Post ganglioninc neuron

A

Second motor neuron whose cell body is within the autonomic ganglion outside the CNS.

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5
Q

2 autonomic neurotransmitters

A

Acetylcholine

Epi and Nor Epi

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6
Q

Autonomic postganglionic fibers release?

A

Epi and Nor Epi

Secreted by most sympathetic fibers

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7
Q

Parasympathetic fibers release

A

ACh

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8
Q

Dual Innervation

A

Two divisions of the ANS–sympathetic and parasympathetic–balance each other out
Some organs only receive sympathetic stimulation but vital organs have both.

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9
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Rest and digest:
Craniosacral: originate in brain and sacrum
Long preganglion short post ganglion fibers
Ganglion are close to organ served

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10
Q

Sympathetic

A

Fight or flight:
Thoracolumbar: originate in thoracic and lumbar
Short preganglion and long post ganglion fibers
Ganglion are close to spinal cord

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11
Q

Cranial Part

A

Oculomotor (III)
Facial (VII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)

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12
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

Innervated the smooth muscles of the eye that causes the pupil to constrict and lens to bulge. Synapse in the ciliary ganglia

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13
Q

Facial nerves

A

Activate nasal glands and lacrimal glands: pterygopalatine ganglia
Stimulate sublingual salivary glands: submandibular ganglia

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14
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerves

A

Synapse in the otic ganglia. Activate parotid salivary glands anterior to the ears

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15
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

Account for 75% or preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and innervate virtually every thoracic and abdominal oregan

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16
Q

Sacral Part

A

Serves pelvic organs and distal half of the intestines. S1-S4 forn the pelvic splanchnic nerves.

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17
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Arise from T1 - L2,

Thoracolumbar division

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18
Q

3 locations of sympathetic ganglionic neurons

A 
Sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral) 
Collateral ganglia (prevertebral)
Adrenal medulla (release neurotransmitters into the blood stream)
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19
Q

Cholinergic fibers

A

Fibers that release ACh, effects are always excititory

20
Q

Adernergic fibers

A

Fibers that release NE,

21
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

ACh binding receptors
Nicotinic
Muscarinic

22
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

A

Ach receptor
Affects are always stimulatory
Found on all postganglionid neurons both sympathetic and parasymathetic
Neuromuscular junctions

23
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A

Ach receptor
Either inhibitory or stimulatory
Cardiac=slows
Smoth muscle=increases

24
Q

Adenergic receptors

A

NE Binding Receptors
Alpha
Beta

25
NE and Epinephrine
Can be either excitatory or inhibitory | depending on target organ
26
Sympathetic or vosomotor tone
Partial continual blood vessal constriction, dilate slightly and constrict slightly to maintain BP
27
Parasympetheitc tone
Slows heart rate and dictates normal activity in the digestive and urinary tracts
28
Uniquely sympathetic functions
Thermoregulatory responce to heat Release of Renin from Kidneys Metobolic rate regulation
29
Localized affects
Parasympatheitc only has localized affects
30
Localized and Diffuse affects
Parasympathetic is both NE is not hydrolysed as fast as ACh NE and Epinephrine are released into the boold streem by the Adrenal glands and have a longer lasting effect.
31
Brain stem and spinal cord controls
Most direct influence over ANS
32
Hypothalammus
"Boss" Acting through the ANS it coordinated heart activity, BP, body temp, water ballance and endocrine activity. When there is an emotional sterss signal from limbic system the hypothalamas activates the ANS
33
Bio Feedback
Becoming aware of physiological conditions with the goal of continual influence
34
Visceral relexes
Have two neurons in motor componant
35
Alpha
a 1 are the most common: stimulate G protein activation and cause a realease of intracellular calcium from ER a2 results with lowering cyclic - AMP in the cytoplasm
36
Beta
Effects skeletal muscles, heart, lungs, and liver. G protein activation increases the cyclic- AMP in the cytoplasm B1: increases metabolic activity B2: causes inhibition respiratory passageways dilate B3: lipolysis
37
3 collateral ganglia
ciliac superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric
38
Sympathetic Division Summary
2 sets of chain ganglia- on each side of spinal cord 3 collateral ganglia- one anterior and two to the adrenal medulla Preganglionic fibers are short Post ganglionic fibers are longer All preganglionic neurons release Ach Most post ganglionic neurons release NE but a few release Ach or NO.
39
Two types of parasympathetic ganglia
Terminal: located near the target tissue Intramural: embedded in the target tissue
40
4 cranial ganglia of the parasympathetic
Pterygopalatine Ciliary Submandibulr Otic
41
Summary of the Parasympathetic Division
Visceral motor nuclei associated with cranial nerves III, VII, IX and X and sacral segments S1-S4 Ganglia are located proximal or in the target organ All parasympathetic neurons are cholinergic Contain either Nicotinic receptors or Muscarinic receptors (excitement of inhibition) Stimulation is breif and restricted to specific organs
42
6 autonomic plexus'
``` cardiac pulmonary esophageal ciliac inferior mesenteric hypogastric ```
43
Autonomic tone
Background level of activity in which both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions innervate. This provides a grater range of control options because of the opposing effects of the two systems. Small amounts of Ach and NE are released contimuously.
44
Visceral reflex arc
Consists of a receptor, a sensory neuron, a processing center (one or more interneurons) and two visceral motor neurons. Long reflex: the processing step involves an interneuron within the CNS Short reflex: Bypass the CNS - synapse in autonomic ganglia outside the spinal cord
45
Cellular mechanisms of memory formation
Increase in neurotransmitters Facilitation at synapse Formation of additional synaptic connections

A&P 241 (18 decks)

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