Ch 1 Orientation

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

Structure

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

Function

Question 3

Gross or Macroscopic Anatomy

Answer 3

The study of large structures visible to the naked eye: Regional, Systemic & Surface.

Question 4

Regional

Answer 4

Studying structures according to region (abd pelvis chect ect.)

Question 5

Systemic anatomy

Answer 5

Studying system by stetem, (cardiovascular,respiratory reproductive ect.)

Question 6

Surface

Answer 6

Study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin.

Question 7

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 7

Deals with structures too small to be seen by the naked eye: Cytology and Histology.

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

The cells in the body

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

The study of tissues

Question 10

Develoopmental biology

Answer 10

Traces structural changes that occure throughout the life span. (embryology ia a subdivision)

Question 11

Levels of organization

Answer 11

Chemical 
cellular
tissue
organ
organ system 
organism

Question 12

Necessary Life functions

Answer 12

Maintianing boundaries
Movement
Responsiveness
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion
Reproduction
Growth

Question 13

Survival needs

Answer 13

Nutrients
Oxygen
Water
Normal body temp
Normal atmosphereic pressure

Question 14

Homeostasis

Answer 14

Maintaining stable internal conditions inspite of changing external conditions.

Question 15

Variable

Answer 15

The factor being regulated

Question 16

3 Homeostaic controls

Answer 16

Receptor
Control Center
Effector

Question 17

Receptor

Answer 17

Sensor that monitors the enviroment and responds to changes.

Question 18

Control Center

Answer 18

Determins the set point, level or range that the variable is maintained.

Question 19

Effector

Answer 19

Provides the means for the control centers responce to the stimuli

Question 20

Negitive feed back mechanisms

Answer 20

The output shuts off the original effect of the stimuli or reduces it’s intensity. Maintian a range

Question 21

Positive feed back mechanisms

Answer 21

Enhances the original stimuli so that the responce is accelerated. Push pash a range

Question 22

2 functional divisions of our body

Answer 22

Axial an appendicular

Question 23

3 planes

Answer 23

Coronal
Transverse
Sagittal

Question 24

Midsagittal Plane

Answer 24

Vertical plane that devides the body into left and right sides

Question 25

Coronal Plane

Answer 25

Vertiacal plane, divides body into anterior and posterior.

Question 26

Transverse

Answer 26

Horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior

Question 27

Dorsal Body Cavity

Answer 27

Crainal and vertebral/spinal cavities.

Question 28

Ventral Body Cavity

Answer 28

Thorasic and Abdominopelvic cavities

Question 29

9 abdominal quadrants

Answer 29

R hypochondriac, Epigastric, L hypochondriac, R lumbar, umbilical, L lumbar, R iliac (inguinal), hpogastric (pubic), L iliac (inguinal)

Question 30

Membranes in Ventral cavity

Answer 30

Serosa: thin double layered memnbrne
Parietal Serosa: Lining the cavity walls
Vicceral Serosa: Covering the organs in the cavity

Question 31

What is the oldest medical science

Answer 31

Anatomy- “cutting open”

Question 32

Principle of complementary structure and function

Answer 32

All specific functions are performed by specific structures

Question 33

What is the boundary from microscopic anatomy to microscopic anatomy

Answer 33

At the organ level

Question 34

Name the physiology specialities

Answer 34

Cell physiology
Organ physiology
System physiology
Pathophysiology

Question 35

Scientific method

Answer 35

System of advancing knowledge:
Posing a hypothesis to answer a question
Testing the hypothesis with data collected with observation and experiment

Question 36

Homeostatic regulation

Answer 36

The adjustment of physiological systems to preserve homeostasis

Question 37

Autoregulation

Answer 37

A process that occurs when a cell, tissue, organ or organ system responds to some environmental change

Question 38

Extrinsic regulation

Answer 38

A process that results from activities of the nervous system or endocrine system in response to environmental changes

Question 39

Nervous response vs. endocrine response time

Answer 39

Nervous = rapid-short term
Endocrine = may not be immediate-may last for days/weeks

Question 40

What is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 40

Negative feedback: provides long term control over the bodies internal conditions and systems

Question 41

In _________, an initial stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change in conditions, rather than opposing it.

Answer 41

Positive feed back

Question 42

When is a positive feedback typically found in the body?

Answer 42

When a potentially dangerous or stressful process must be completed quickly to restore homeostasis

Question 43

Astate of ________ exists when opposing processes or forces are in balance.

Answer 43

Equilibrium

Question 44

True body cavities are:

Answer 44

closed, fluid-filled and lined by a thin tissue layer called a serous membrane

Question 45

Two functions of body cavities in the trunk:

Answer 45

Protect organs from shock and impact

Permit changes in size and shape or the internal organs

Question 46

Viscera

Answer 46

Internal organs that are enclosed by body cavities.

Question 47

Visceral serosa

Answer 47

Membrane that covers the visceral organs

Question 48

Parietal Serosa

Answer 48

Membrane that lines the body wall