Ch 3 Cytology

Question 1

Cell types

Answer 1

Epithelial 
Fibroblasts
Eythrocytes
Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Fat cell
Macrophage
Nerce cell
Gamete

Question 2

Phospholipids

Answer 2

Polar head: hydrophilic

Nonpolar tail: hydrophobic

Question 3

Cholesterol

Answer 3

20% of cell membrane, stablizes membranes by decreasing mobility of phospholipids.

Question 4

Membrane proteins

Answer 4

Integral protein: firmly incerted into lipid bilayer

Peripheral Proteins: Not imbeded in bilayer.Attach loosly to inegral proteins.

Question 5

Cell Junctions

Answer 5

Tight Junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions

Question 6

Passive transport

Answer 6

Does not use ATP:
Difussion
Osmosis

Question 7

Active transport

Answer 7

Uses ATP:
PRIMARY
SECONDARY

Question 8

Vesicular transport

Answer 8

Endocytosis: Phagocytosis, pinocytosis and recepter mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis: Ejecting from cell

Question 9

Membrane Potential

Answer 9

Diffudion causes ionic imballances that polarize the membrane. Active transport maintain membrane potential. Voltage

Question 10

Membrane receptors

Answer 10

Contact signaling: Cells touch
Chemical signaling:receptors involved called Ligands. Neurotransmitters.
G Protein receptors: Middleman or relay to activate

Question 11

Non-menbrane organells

Answer 11

Cytoskeleton, centrioles and ribosomes

Question 12

Menbranous organells

Answer 12

peroxisomes,lysosomes, ER, Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Mitochondria

Answer 13

Power plants, provide ATP supply, has its own DNA

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Sites for protein synthesis

Question 15

Rough ER

Answer 15

Stubbed with Ribosomes, proteins thread their way into the ER cisterns

Question 16

Smooth ER

Answer 16

Enzymess catylise these reactions:
Metabolize lipids
Synthesis steroid based hormones
Absorb synthesize and transport fat
Detoxify drugs
Break down stored glycogen

Question 17

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 17

Traffic director. Takes proteins and lipids from ER to modify, package and concentrate them for export

Question 18

Peroxisomes

Answer 18

Contain powerful enzymes to (oxidase and catalase) to detoxify harmful sustances and nuetralize harmful free radicles

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

Large phagocytes that contain digestive enzymes to dispose of invading bacteria and waste

Question 20

Cilia

Answer 20

Move substances accross cell surface (whiplike eyelashes)

Question 21

Flagella

Answer 21

For perpullsion, found only in sperm

Question 22

Microvilli

Answer 22

Little shaggy hairs, increase surface area

Question 23

Protein synthesis

Answer 23

Transcription
RNA Processing
Translation