Chapter 9 Joints Flashcards
3 joint categories of joints according to motion
Synarthrosis: immovable
Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis: freely movable joint
3 categories of joints according to framework
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
2 fiberous synarthrosis joints
Suture: in the skull
Gomphosis: teeth
Cartilaginous synarthrosis
Synchondrosis: ridged cartilage bridge between two bones such as the ribs and sternum
Bony synarthrosis
Synostosis: When two bones fuse completely such as the frontal bone
Fiberous amphiarthrosis
Syndesosis: bones are connected by a ligament such as the distal tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous amphiarthrosis
Symphysis: articulating bones that are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage, pubis symphysis
Synovial diarthrosis
All synovial joints
Accessory structures of synovial joints
Cartilage and fat pads
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage and fat pads
Meniscus lies between opposing articular surfaces and may subdivide the cavity and channel the flow of synovial fluid
Fat pads are localized patches of adipose tissue that are covered by synovial membrane. Protect cartilages and act as packing material.
Ligaments
Support strengthen and support and reinforce synovial joints.
Intrinsic ligaments are localized thickening of the joint capsule
Extrinsic ligaments are separate from the joint capsule
Tendons
Not a part of the joint but provide mechanical support for it by limiting the ROM
Bursae
Small synovial fluid filled sacs that are found anywhere tendons and ligaments rub against other tissues; reduce friction and absorb shock.
6 classifications of synovial joints
Gliding Hinge Condylar Saddle Pivot Ball and socket
Gliding joint
Slight movement of flattened surfaces that slide across one another: acromioclavicular
Hinge joint
Monoaxial, permit angular motion in a single plane; elbow
Condylar joint
Biaxial. Oval articular surface nestled within a depression on the opposing surface; Radiocarpal and metacarpals 2-5
Saddle joint
Biaxial. Concave and convex surfaces that articulate in angular and slide biaxial; thumb
Pivot joint
Only permit rotation; atlantoaxial joint and proximal radial ulnar joint
Ball and socket joint
Circumdunction and rotation, triaxial; shoulder and hip
Intervertebral discs
Anulus fibrosis: tough outer layer
Nucleus pulposus: soft, elastic, gelatinous core
Vertebral end plate: composed of hyaline cartilage
Intervertebral ligaments
Anterior longitudinal: connects anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal: connects posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavum: connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Intraspinous: between spinous process
Supraspnous: connects the tips of the spinous process
Glenoid labrum
Fibrocartilage cavity that increases the glenoid cavity beyond the bone ridge.
Major ligaments that stabilize the shoulder joint
Glenohumeral Coracohumeral corscronaromial coracoclavicular Acromioclvicular
Rotater cuff muscles (SITS)
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
The elbow is extremely stable because:
- the bony surfaces of the ulna and humerus interlock
- a single thick articular capsule surrounds both the humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joints
- strong ligaments reinforce the articular capsule.
Acetabular labrum
A projecting rim of rubbery fibrocartilage that increases the the depth of the joint cavity and helps to seal in synovial fluid
3 separate articulations of the knee
two between the femur and the tibia and one between the femur and the patella
The menisci
- act as cushions
- conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces as the femur changes shape
- provides lateral stability
