Chapter 9 Joints

Question 1

3 joint categories of joints according to motion

Answer 1

Synarthrosis: immovable
Amphiarthrosis: slightly movable joint
Diarthrosis: freely movable joint

Question 2

3 categories of joints according to framework

Answer 2

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

Question 3

2 fiberous synarthrosis joints

Answer 3

Suture: in the skull
Gomphosis: teeth

Question 4

Cartilaginous synarthrosis

Answer 4

Synchondrosis: ridged cartilage bridge between two bones such as the ribs and sternum

Question 5

Bony synarthrosis

Answer 5

Synostosis: When two bones fuse completely such as the frontal bone

Question 6

Fiberous amphiarthrosis

Answer 6

Syndesosis: bones are connected by a ligament such as the distal tibia and fibula

Question 7

Cartilaginous amphiarthrosis

Answer 7

Symphysis: articulating bones that are connected by a wedge or pad of fibrocartilage, pubis symphysis

Question 8

Synovial diarthrosis

Answer 8

All synovial joints

Question 9

Accessory structures of synovial joints

Answer 9

Cartilage and fat pads
Tendons
Ligaments

Question 10

Cartilage and fat pads

Answer 10

Meniscus lies between opposing articular surfaces and may subdivide the cavity and channel the flow of synovial fluid
Fat pads are localized patches of adipose tissue that are covered by synovial membrane. Protect cartilages and act as packing material.

Question 11

Ligaments

Answer 11

Support strengthen and support and reinforce synovial joints.
Intrinsic ligaments are localized thickening of the joint capsule
Extrinsic ligaments are separate from the joint capsule

Question 12

Tendons

Answer 12

Not a part of the joint but provide mechanical support for it by limiting the ROM

Question 13

Bursae

Answer 13

Small synovial fluid filled sacs that are found anywhere tendons and ligaments rub against other tissues; reduce friction and absorb shock.

Question 14

6 classifications of synovial joints

Answer 14

Gliding
Hinge
Condylar
Saddle
Pivot
Ball and socket

Question 15

Gliding joint

Answer 15

Slight movement of flattened surfaces that slide across one another: acromioclavicular

Question 16

Hinge joint

Answer 16

Monoaxial, permit angular motion in a single plane; elbow

Question 17

Condylar joint

Answer 17

Biaxial. Oval articular surface nestled within a depression on the opposing surface; Radiocarpal and metacarpals 2-5

Question 18

Saddle joint

Answer 18

Biaxial. Concave and convex surfaces that articulate in angular and slide biaxial; thumb

Question 19

Pivot joint

Answer 19

Only permit rotation; atlantoaxial joint and proximal radial ulnar joint

Question 20

Ball and socket joint

Answer 20

Circumdunction and rotation, triaxial; shoulder and hip

Question 21

Intervertebral discs

Answer 21

Anulus fibrosis: tough outer layer
Nucleus pulposus: soft, elastic, gelatinous core
Vertebral end plate: composed of hyaline cartilage

Question 22

Intervertebral ligaments

Answer 22

Anterior longitudinal: connects anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal: connects posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies
Ligamentum flavum: connects lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Intraspinous: between spinous process
Supraspnous: connects the tips of the spinous process

Question 23

Glenoid labrum

Answer 23

Fibrocartilage cavity that increases the glenoid cavity beyond the bone ridge.

Question 24

Major ligaments that stabilize the shoulder joint

Answer 24

Glenohumeral
Coracohumeral
corscronaromial
coracoclavicular
Acromioclvicular

Question 25

Rotater cuff muscles (SITS)

Answer 25

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Question 26

The elbow is extremely stable because:

Answer 26

1. the bony surfaces of the ulna and humerus interlock
2. a single thick articular capsule surrounds both the humeroulnar and proximal radioulnar joints
3. strong ligaments reinforce the articular capsule.

Question 27

Acetabular labrum

Answer 27

A projecting rim of rubbery fibrocartilage that increases the the depth of the joint cavity and helps to seal in synovial fluid

Question 28

3 separate articulations of the knee

Answer 28

two between the femur and the tibia and one between the femur and the patella

Question 29

The menisci

Answer 29

1. act as cushions
2. conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces as the femur changes shape
3. provides lateral stability