Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton

Question 1

The axial skeleton is composed of:

Answer 1

80 bones
The skull- 8 cranial, 14 facial
6 auditory ossicles and a hyoid bone
Vertebral column- 24 vertebrae a sacrum and a coccyx
Thoracic cage- stermun and 24 ribs

Question 2

Sinuses have 3 major functions

Answer 2

1. lesson the weight of the bone
2. mucus membrane moistens and cleans the air
3. resonating chamber in speech production

Question 3

Sutures of the cranium

Answer 3

Lambdoid: connects the occidental bone with two parietal
Coronal: attaches frontal bone to the parietal bones
Sagittal: extends from the lamboid suture to the coronal suture between the parietal bones
Squamous: the joins of the parietal and temporal bones on each side

Question 4

Name 6 cranial bones

Answer 4

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital 
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

Question 5

Characteristic of the occipital bone

Answer 5

External occipital protuberance
Foreamen magnum
Jugular foramen: lies between occipital and parietal bones, IJ passes through
Hypoglossal canals: at lateral base of each occipital condyle

Question 6

Characteristics of the parietal bones

Answer 6

Superior lateral surface, paired.

Articulate with occipital, temporal, frontal and sephenoid bones

Question 7

Characteristic of the frontal bone

Answer 7

Articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, and zygomatic bones
Lacrimal fossa houses the lacrimal glands

Question 8

Characteristics of the temporal bones

Answer 8

Functions:
Forms part of both lateral walls of the cranium and the zygomatic arches
Only articulations with the mandible
House the inner ear organs
Attachment sites of muscles that close the jaw
Styloid process: attaches to the hyoid bone
Petrous part: internal surface and houses internal ear
Internal and external meatus

Question 9

Charateristics of the Sphenoid bone

Answer 9

Part of the floor of the cranium, connects cranial and facial bones, acts as a cross brace.
Stella turcica=saddle, within is the hypophyseal fossa that houses the pituitary gland
Optic canals: optic nerve passes here

Question 10

Characteristic of the Ethmoid bone

Answer 10

Anterior floor of the cranium and roof of the nasal cavity, part of the nasal septum 
3 parts:
Cribiform plate
Parallel lateral masses 
Perpendicular plate 
Houses olfactery foramen

Question 11

Nasal conchae (in the ethmoid bone)

Answer 11

The nasal conchae break up air flow in the nasal cavity

1. sticky mucus catches particles
2. slows air movement providing warmth and humidity
3. air is directed towards the superior nasal cavity

Question 12

9 facial bones

Answer 12

Maxilla
Palatine
Nasal
Vomer
Inferior nasal conchae
Zygomatic
Lacrimal
Mandible
Hyoid

Question 13

Characteristics of the maxilla

Answer 13

Upper jaw bones, support the upper teeth and inferior orbital rim

Question 14

Characteristics of the palatine bones

Answer 14

Form the posterior portion of the hard palate and contribute to the floor of each orbit

Question 15

Characteristics of nasal bones

Answer 15

Support the superior portion of the bride of the nose and the ethmoid, frontal bone and maxilla.

Question 16

Characteristics of the vomer

Answer 16

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum

Question 17

Characteristics of the inferior nasal conchae

Answer 17

Increases turbulence and increases surface area of the epithelial surfaces to promote warming

Question 18

Characteristic of the zygomatic bones

Answer 18

Contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbits as well as the zygomatic arch.

Question 19

Characteristics of the Lacrimal bones

Answer 19

Part of the medial wall of the orbits

Lacrimal sulcus : location of the lacrimal sac

Question 20

Characteristics of the mandible

Answer 20

Articulates with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa

Question 21

Characteristics of the hyoid bone

Answer 21

Supports the larynx, pharynx and tongue. Attaches to the styloid ligaments that attach to the styloid process of the temporal bones

Question 22

The orbital complexes consist of which 7 bones?

Answer 22

Frontal bone
Zygomatic bones
Maxilla
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Lacrimal bones
Palatine

Question 23

The nasal complexes consist of which bones?

Answer 23

Frontal bone 
Nasal bones
Ethmoid: superior and middle nasal conchae
Sphenoid
Palatine 
Inferior nasal conchae

Question 24

Spinal curves

Answer 24

Primary: Thoracic and Sacral
Secondary: Cervical and Lumbar