Chapter 7 Axial Skeleton Flashcards
The axial skeleton is composed of:
80 bones The skull- 8 cranial, 14 facial 6 auditory ossicles and a hyoid bone Vertebral column- 24 vertebrae a sacrum and a coccyx Thoracic cage- stermun and 24 ribs
Sinuses have 3 major functions
- lesson the weight of the bone
- mucus membrane moistens and cleans the air
- resonating chamber in speech production
Sutures of the cranium
Lambdoid: connects the occidental bone with two parietal
Coronal: attaches frontal bone to the parietal bones
Sagittal: extends from the lamboid suture to the coronal suture between the parietal bones
Squamous: the joins of the parietal and temporal bones on each side
Name 6 cranial bones
Frontal Parietal Temporal Occipital Ethmoid Sphenoid
Characteristic of the occipital bone
External occipital protuberance
Foreamen magnum
Jugular foramen: lies between occipital and parietal bones, IJ passes through
Hypoglossal canals: at lateral base of each occipital condyle
Characteristics of the parietal bones
Superior lateral surface, paired.
Articulate with occipital, temporal, frontal and sephenoid bones
Characteristic of the frontal bone
Articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, nasal, lacrimal, maxillary, and zygomatic bones
Lacrimal fossa houses the lacrimal glands
Characteristics of the temporal bones
Functions:
Forms part of both lateral walls of the cranium and the zygomatic arches
Only articulations with the mandible
House the inner ear organs
Attachment sites of muscles that close the jaw
Styloid process: attaches to the hyoid bone
Petrous part: internal surface and houses internal ear
Internal and external meatus
Charateristics of the Sphenoid bone
Part of the floor of the cranium, connects cranial and facial bones, acts as a cross brace.
Stella turcica=saddle, within is the hypophyseal fossa that houses the pituitary gland
Optic canals: optic nerve passes here
Characteristic of the Ethmoid bone
Anterior floor of the cranium and roof of the nasal cavity, part of the nasal septum 3 parts: Cribiform plate Parallel lateral masses Perpendicular plate Houses olfactery foramen
Nasal conchae (in the ethmoid bone)
The nasal conchae break up air flow in the nasal cavity
- sticky mucus catches particles
- slows air movement providing warmth and humidity
- air is directed towards the superior nasal cavity
9 facial bones
Maxilla Palatine Nasal Vomer Inferior nasal conchae Zygomatic Lacrimal Mandible Hyoid
Characteristics of the maxilla
Upper jaw bones, support the upper teeth and inferior orbital rim
Characteristics of the palatine bones
Form the posterior portion of the hard palate and contribute to the floor of each orbit
Characteristics of nasal bones
Support the superior portion of the bride of the nose and the ethmoid, frontal bone and maxilla.
Characteristics of the vomer
Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum
Characteristics of the inferior nasal conchae
Increases turbulence and increases surface area of the epithelial surfaces to promote warming
Characteristic of the zygomatic bones
Contribute to the rim and lateral wall of the orbits as well as the zygomatic arch.
Characteristics of the Lacrimal bones
Part of the medial wall of the orbits
Lacrimal sulcus : location of the lacrimal sac
Characteristics of the mandible
Articulates with the temporal bone at the mandibular fossa
Characteristics of the hyoid bone
Supports the larynx, pharynx and tongue. Attaches to the styloid ligaments that attach to the styloid process of the temporal bones
The orbital complexes consist of which 7 bones?
Frontal bone Zygomatic bones Maxilla Ethmoid Sphenoid Lacrimal bones Palatine
The nasal complexes consist of which bones?
Frontal bone Nasal bones Ethmoid: superior and middle nasal conchae Sphenoid Palatine Inferior nasal conchae
Spinal curves
Primary: Thoracic and Sacral
Secondary: Cervical and Lumbar
