Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards
6 Brain Structures
Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
Cerebrum Function
Conscious though processes, intellectual functioning
Memory storage and processing
Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions
Cerebellum Function
Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns
Adjusts out put of other somatic motor centers in the brain and spinal cord
Diencephalon function
The structural and functional link between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem
- Thalamus: Relay and processing centers for sensory information
- Hypothalamus: Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production.
Midbrain Function
Also called the mesencephalon
Processing of visual and auditory data
Generation of reflexive somatic motor responses
Maintenance of consciousness
Pons Function
Connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers
Medulla oblongata
Connects the brain to the spinal cord
Relays sensory information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain stem.
Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function - cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive
What 3 parts make up the brain stem?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
3 brain Vesicles
Prosencephalon — Cerebrun and lateral ventricles
Mesencephalon —Midbrain and Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebellum and the ponds form between
Rhombencephalon — Medulla oblongata and fourth ventricles
Ventricles and their structures
Two lateral ventricles connected inferiority to the third ventricle by the interventricular foreman. The cerebral aqueduct connects the third ventrical to the fourth ventricle which connects to the central canal
3 protective linings of the brain
Pia mater: Sticks to the surface of the brain anchored by the astrocytes.
Arachniod mater: Consistes of the arachnoid membrane and arachnoid trabeculae
Dura mater: Inner and outer fibrous layers. Outer layer is fused to the peritoneum
Functions of CSF
- Cushioning
- Supporting
- Transporting nutrients, chemical messengers and wastes.
Where is CSF formed
In the choroid plexus within each ventricle.
It contains ependymal cells with microvilli and tight junctions
They secrete CSF into the ventricles and remove wastes.
What 3 parts make up the diencephalon?
Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothamalus
Epithalamus
The roof of the diencephalon superior to the 3rd ventricle
Posterior portion contains the pineal gland
Thalamus
Final relay point for sensory information on its way to the primary sensory cortex
Hypothalamus
Subconscious control of skeletal muscle
Control of autonomic functions
Coordinates nervous and endocrine actions
Secretion of two hormones: ADH and Oxytocin
Production of emotion and behavior
Coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions
Regulation of body temp
Control of sleep cycles
Limbic system
A group of tracts and nuclei that function in emotion, motivation and memory
Amygdaloid
Helps control the fight or flight response and links emotions to specific memories
Basel Nuclei
Takes part in processing sensory information and initiating motor commands involuntarily
4 types of brain waves
Alpha waves: characteristic of normal resting adults
Beta waves: typically accompany intense concentration
Theta waves: Are seen in children and frustrated adults
Delta waves: Occur in deep sleep and certain pathological conditions.
mnemonic for cranial nerves
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Cranial Nerves
Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vegas Accessory Hypoglosseal
Sensory vs. motor mnemonic for cranial nerves
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