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A&P 241 > Brain and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

6 Brain Structures

A 
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
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2
Q

Cerebrum Function

A

Conscious though processes, intellectual functioning
Memory storage and processing
Conscious and subconscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

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3
Q

Cerebellum Function

A

Coordinates complex somatic motor patterns

Adjusts out put of other somatic motor centers in the brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

Diencephalon function

A

The structural and functional link between the cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem

  1. Thalamus: Relay and processing centers for sensory information
  2. Hypothalamus: Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions and hormone production.
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5
Q

Midbrain Function

A

Also called the mesencephalon
Processing of visual and auditory data
Generation of reflexive somatic motor responses
Maintenance of consciousness

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6
Q

Pons Function

A

Connects the cerebellum to the brain stem
Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

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7
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Connects the brain to the spinal cord
Relays sensory information to the thalamus and other parts of the brain stem.
Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function - cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive

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8
Q

What 3 parts make up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

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9
Q

3 brain Vesicles

A

Prosencephalon — Cerebrun and lateral ventricles
Mesencephalon —Midbrain and Cerebral aqueduct
Cerebellum and the ponds form between
Rhombencephalon — Medulla oblongata and fourth ventricles

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10
Q

Ventricles and their structures

A

Two lateral ventricles connected inferiority to the third ventricle by the interventricular foreman. The cerebral aqueduct connects the third ventrical to the fourth ventricle which connects to the central canal

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11
Q

3 protective linings of the brain

A

Pia mater: Sticks to the surface of the brain anchored by the astrocytes.
Arachniod mater: Consistes of the arachnoid membrane and arachnoid trabeculae
Dura mater: Inner and outer fibrous layers. Outer layer is fused to the peritoneum

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12
Q

Functions of CSF

A
  1. Cushioning
  2. Supporting
  3. Transporting nutrients, chemical messengers and wastes.
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13
Q

Where is CSF formed

A

In the choroid plexus within each ventricle.
It contains ependymal cells with microvilli and tight junctions
They secrete CSF into the ventricles and remove wastes.

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14
Q

What 3 parts make up the diencephalon?

A

Epithalamus
Thalamus
Hypothamalus

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15
Q

Epithalamus

A

The roof of the diencephalon superior to the 3rd ventricle

Posterior portion contains the pineal gland

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16
Q

Thalamus

A

Final relay point for sensory information on its way to the primary sensory cortex

17
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle
Control of autonomic functions
Coordinates nervous and endocrine actions
Secretion of two hormones: ADH and Oxytocin
Production of emotion and behavior
Coordination between voluntary and autonomic functions
Regulation of body temp
Control of sleep cycles

18
Q

Limbic system

A

A group of tracts and nuclei that function in emotion, motivation and memory

19
Q

Amygdaloid

A

Helps control the fight or flight response and links emotions to specific memories

20
Q

Basel Nuclei

A

Takes part in processing sensory information and initiating motor commands involuntarily

21
Q

4 types of brain waves

A

Alpha waves: characteristic of normal resting adults
Beta waves: typically accompany intense concentration
Theta waves: Are seen in children and frustrated adults
Delta waves: Occur in deep sleep and certain pathological conditions.

22
Q

mnemonic for cranial nerves

A

Oh Once One Takes The Anatomy Final Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly

23
Q

Cranial Nerves

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Occulomotor 
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens 
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vegas 
Accessory
Hypoglosseal
24
Q

Sensory vs. motor mnemonic for cranial nerves

A

Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

25
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory - Sensory
Only cranial nerve attached to the cerebrum
Sense of smell

26
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic - Sensory

Follow the optic tract to the visual cortex in the occipital lobe

27
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Occulomotor - Motor
Inferior and Medial Rectus
Inferior Oblique
Intrinsic eye muscles

28
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear - Motor

Superior Oblique muscle
Smallest cranial nerve

29
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A 
Trigeminal -Both
Three branches on the face 
1. Ophthalmic: eye and forehead 
2. Maxillary: Cheek and side nose
3. Mandibular: lower jaw and tongue (mastication)
30
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens -Motor
Lateral Rectus Muscle
Move eyes laterally

31
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial - Both

Facial expression, lacrimal, saliva and mucus production

32
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochelear - Sensory

Balance and Hearing

33
Q

Cranial Verve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal - Both

Tongue (posterior 3rd) and part of the Pharynx and palate

34
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vegas - Both

Heart, lungs, digestive tract also involved in swallowing

35
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory - Motor
Only cranial nerves connected tot eh spinal cord
Swallowing, soft pallet pharynx and vocal cords
SCM and trapezoid

36
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglosseal - Motor

Tongue movement

37
Q

Cranial Reflexes

A

Automatic responses to stimuli that involve the cranial nerves

A&P 241 (18 decks)

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