Histology Flashcards
What are: Osteoprogenitor cells
pre-cursors of osteoblasts - they are derived from mesenchymal stem cells
What are: Osteoblasts
: major bone making cells that secrete organic components of bone matrix.
What are: Osteocytes
inactive osteoblasts trapped within the bone they have made - they are mature bone cells and they maintain the bone matrix.
What are: Osteoclasts
multinucleate cells derived from blood monocytes - osteoclasts “eat away” old bone leading to bone turnover and new bone formation.
What is this?
Osteocytes
What is this?
Osteoblasts
What is this?
Osteoprogenitor cells
What is this?
Osteoclasts
What are: Chondroblasts
pre-cursors to chondrocytes and they secrete ECM. As they do, they become trapped in lacunae (‘lakes’) of ECM that surround it.
What are Chondrocytes?
: A matured chondroblast, trapped within its lacunae.
What are Perichondrium?
connective tissue that surrounds cartilage
What are Osteons?
Osteons are cylindrical structures in compact bone. They consist of concentric layers (lamellae) of bone tissue that surrounds a central, haversian canal. Haversian canals contain the blood supply of bone.
What are two common stains in histology?
Haemotoxylin and Eosin
What type of bone cells are represented by the letter O in this H&E stained section of tissue?
Osteocytes
Using the following options, match them to their appropriate letter:
Osteoid
Osteoblast
Cement line
Osteocyte
ECM – extra cellular matrix
C- Osteoid
A- Osteoblast
D- Cement line
B- Osteocyte
E- ECM – extra cellular matrix
Histology of Cartilage : Can you identify the lacunae surrounding mature chondrocytes in the histology image on the right?
The lacunae surround the mature chondrocyte (A)
Match the numbers in the image of the H&E stained hyaline cartilage with the following:
Perichondrium
Lacuna
Extra-cellular matrix
Chondrocyte
1 - Perichondrium
2 - Chondrocyte
3 - Lacuna
4 - Extra-cellular matrix
RESPIRATORY:
Trachea and main bronchus • Very similar layers in both → Mucosa, Submucosa, Adventitia
RESPIRATORY:
Mucosa = epithelium (below) and lamina propria
RESPIRATORY:
ZOOM IN: Submucosa
Submucosa = loose connective tissue and secretory serous and mucous glands
RESPIRATORY:
ZOOM IN: Adventitia
Adventitia = Most prominent layer with dense connective tissue, smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage
RESPIRATORY:
Bronchus and the alveoli
RESPIRATORY:
ZOOM IN = Alveoli
MSK:
What type of cartilage is this?
Hyaline
MSK:
What type of cartilage is this?
Fibrocartilage
MSK:
What type of cartilage is this?
Elastic cartilage
Out of the three types of cartilage, which one is the strongest and why?
Elastic, Hyaline,Fibro
Fibrocartilage. This is the strongest kind of cartilage, because it has alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fibres oriented in the direction of functional stresses.
Which cartilage does not have a perichondrium and why?
Fibro because it is usually a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon or ligament.
Which cartilage is the weakest?
Hyaline
An example of where elastic cartilage can be found?
in the external ear
UROGENITAL:
Ureter
Name the labels
UROGENITAL:
Bladder
Name the labels
UROGENITAL:
What are the epithelium types in the following female genitalia features:
Ovaries =
Fallopian tubes =
Uterus =
Cervix =
Vagina =
Labai majora =
Ovaries = simple cuboidal
Fallopian tubes = ciliated simple columnar
Uterus = ciliated simple columnar
Cervix = simple columnar
Vagina = stratified squamous
Labia majora = simple squamous
UROGENITAL:
What are the epithelium types in the following male genitalia features:
Rete testis =
Efferent ducts =
Epididymis =
Vas deferens =
Ejaculatory duct =
Bulbourethral glands =
Seminal vesicle =
Rete testis = simple cuboidal
Efferent ducts = pseudostratified columnar
Epididymis = pseudostratified columnar
Vas deferens = pseudostratified columnar
Ejaculatory duct = simple columnar
Bulbourethral glands = simple columnar
Seminal vesicle = pseudostratified columnar
UROGENITAL:
Renal corpuscle
Name the labels
UROGENITAL:
Kidney
Name the labels
UROGENITAL:
What is this picture showing
a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus
c} loop of henle
a) PCT and DCT
UROGENITAL:
What is this picture showing
a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus
c} loop of henle
c} loop of henle
UROGENITAL:
What is this picture showing
a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus
c} loop of henle
UROGENITAL:
What is the name of the very outer layer of cells? What is their function?
Umbrella cells. They will change shape depending on the distension of the bladder. Called umbrella as they cover multiple cells
UROGENITAL:
What can you see in this image?
purple stain
ha jokes!
A single mature ooctyte dominates the picture. A much smaller secondary oocyte can be seen to the right, complete with its fluid filled antrum in the zona granulosa. A group of primary follicles is located at the lower part of the image along the boundary of the ovary
UROGENITAL:
What does the E and M stand for in this image?
endometrium and myometrium
UROGENITAL:
Histological section through the vagina
Stratified squamous epithelia (at top of image) overlying lamina propria and muscle.
UROGENITAL:
How would you notice the junction between the cervix and vagina histologically and why is it important?
The vagina is a muscular tube lined by stratified squamous epithelia, deep to which is a thick, elastic lamina propria and then smooth muscle. This arrangement allows for expansion of the vaginal canal which is essential for childbirth. Just inside the cervix this changes at the squamo-columnar junction. The lining of the cervix becomes single layered columnar mucous cells. Understanding of histology important for cervical smear screening. Migration of squamous cells into the columnar border (or vice versa) or presence of abnormal cells can indicate pre-cancerous changes.
UROGENITAL:
What cell type is indicated in this histological section through a testis, and what is their function?
Leydig cells, found in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules. Secrete testosterone
UROGENITAL:
What process can be seen here?
Image shows cross-section through seminiferous tubule with developing spermatozoa within
UROGENITAL:
Identify the lumen, epithelium (tall columnar epithelium) and 3 muscular layers thorough the ductus deferens.
Lumen is obvious (the middle white bit).
A pseudostratified layer of columnar epithelial cells can be seen lining the lumen of the ductus (stained purple).
The three layers of muscle can be distinguished because the inner and outer layers are longitudinal, i.e. fibres run in the same plane as the lumen and appear as cut-ended fibres. Whereas, the middle layer is circular muscle and you can see the fibre orientation describing a circle concentric to the lumen. This is the thickest of the three layers
UROGENITAL:
What is this a histological section of?
Prostate.
The many patches of glandular tissue and intervening stroma (contained of connective tissue and smooth muscle) can clearly be seen
The large, oval-shaped patches which stain dark red in H+E that can be seen dotted throughout the section are prostatic concretions – a characteristic feature of prostate histology.
UROGENITAL:
Which part of the urethra is this a cross section of?
Spongy.
Can clearly see the features characteristic to a cross section of the penis, including the corpus spongiosum and paired corpora cavernosa.
Apparent circular holes in the top of the image are the dorsal veins of the penis
GASTROINTESTINAL:
The Upper Oesophagus
Name the labels
GASTROINTESTINAL:
The Stomach
Name the labels:
Gastric pits
Muscosa
Gastric glands
Muscularis mucosae
Submucosa
GASTROINTESTINAL:
The Duodenal layers
Name the labels:
GASTROINTESTINAL:
The liver
Match these:
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct
Lobule boundary
Portal area
Central Vein
GASTROINTESTINAL:
What does the folds in this image show?
Rugae
GASTRO:
Name the labels
P – pits
M – mucosa
SM – submucosa
idk what ME is
GASTRO:
Name the labels
M – mucosa
L – lumen
SM – submucosa
CM – circular muscle
LM – longitudinal muscle,
GASTRO:
Name the labels
SSE – stratified squamous epithelium,
CT – connective tissue
SG – serous glands
CVS:
What type of muscle is this?
Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal
Cardiac
CVS:
What type of muscle is this?
Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal
Smooth muscle
CVS:
What type of muscle is this?
Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal
Skeletal muscle
CVS:
Match these:
Muscle cell nucleus
Capillary
Endothelial cell
Intercalated disc
