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Year 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are: Osteoprogenitor cells

A

pre-cursors of osteoblasts - they are derived from mesenchymal stem cells

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2
Q

What are: Osteoblasts

A

: major bone making cells that secrete organic components of bone matrix.

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3
Q

What are: Osteocytes

A

inactive osteoblasts trapped within the bone they have made - they are mature bone cells and they maintain the bone matrix.

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4
Q

What are: Osteoclasts

A

multinucleate cells derived from blood monocytes - osteoclasts “eat away” old bone leading to bone turnover and new bone formation.

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5
Q

What is this?

A

Osteocytes

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6
Q

What is this?

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Osteoprogenitor cells

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8
Q

What is this?

A

Osteoclasts

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9
Q

What are: Chondroblasts

A

pre-cursors to chondrocytes and they secrete ECM. As they do, they become trapped in lacunae (‘lakes’) of ECM that surround it.

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10
Q

What are Chondrocytes?

A

: A matured chondroblast, trapped within its lacunae.

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11
Q

What are Perichondrium?

A

connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

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12
Q

What are Osteons?

A

Osteons are cylindrical structures in compact bone. They consist of concentric layers (lamellae) of bone tissue that surrounds a central, haversian canal. Haversian canals contain the blood supply of bone.

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13
Q

What are two common stains in histology?

A

Haemotoxylin and Eosin

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14
Q

What type of bone cells are represented by the letter O in this H&E stained section of tissue?

A

Osteocytes

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15
Q

Using the following options, match them to their appropriate letter:

Osteoid

Osteoblast

Cement line

Osteocyte

ECM – extra cellular matrix

A

C- Osteoid

A- Osteoblast

D- Cement line

B- Osteocyte

E- ECM – extra cellular matrix

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16
Q

Histology of Cartilage : Can you identify the lacunae surrounding mature chondrocytes in the histology image on the right?

A

The lacunae surround the mature chondrocyte (A)

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17
Q

Match the numbers in the image of the H&E stained hyaline cartilage with the following:

Perichondrium

Lacuna

Extra-cellular matrix

Chondrocyte

A

1 - Perichondrium

2 - Chondrocyte

3 - Lacuna

4 - Extra-cellular matrix

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18
Q

RESPIRATORY:

Trachea and main bronchus • Very similar layers in both → Mucosa, Submucosa, Adventitia

A
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19
Q

RESPIRATORY:

Mucosa = epithelium (below) and lamina propria

A
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20
Q

RESPIRATORY:

ZOOM IN: Submucosa

Submucosa = loose connective tissue and secretory serous and mucous glands

A
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21
Q

RESPIRATORY:

ZOOM IN: Adventitia

Adventitia = Most prominent layer with dense connective tissue, smooth muscle and hyaline cartilage

A
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22
Q

RESPIRATORY:

Bronchus and the alveoli

A
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23
Q

RESPIRATORY:

ZOOM IN = Alveoli

A
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24
Q

MSK:

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Hyaline

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25
Q

MSK:
What type of cartilage is this?

A

Fibrocartilage

26
Q

MSK:

What type of cartilage is this?

A

Elastic cartilage

27
Q

Out of the three types of cartilage, which one is the strongest and why?

Elastic, Hyaline,Fibro

A

Fibrocartilage. This is the strongest kind of cartilage, because it has alternating layers of hyaline cartilage matrix and thick layers of dense collagen fibres oriented in the direction of functional stresses.

28
Q

Which cartilage does not have a perichondrium and why?

A

Fibro because it is usually a transitional layer between hyaline cartilage and tendon or ligament.

29
Q

Which cartilage is the weakest?

A

Hyaline

30
Q

An example of where elastic cartilage can be found?

A

in the external ear

31
Q

UROGENITAL:

Ureter

Name the labels

A
32
Q

UROGENITAL:

Bladder

Name the labels

A
33
Q

UROGENITAL:

What are the epithelium types in the following female genitalia features:

Ovaries =

Fallopian tubes =

Uterus =

Cervix =

Vagina =

Labai majora =

A

Ovaries = simple cuboidal

Fallopian tubes = ciliated simple columnar

Uterus = ciliated simple columnar

Cervix = simple columnar

Vagina = stratified squamous

Labia majora = simple squamous

34
Q

UROGENITAL:

What are the epithelium types in the following male genitalia features:

Rete testis =

Efferent ducts =

Epididymis =

Vas deferens =

Ejaculatory duct =

Bulbourethral glands =

Seminal vesicle =

A

Rete testis = simple cuboidal

Efferent ducts = pseudostratified columnar

Epididymis = pseudostratified columnar

Vas deferens = pseudostratified columnar

Ejaculatory duct = simple columnar

Bulbourethral glands = simple columnar

Seminal vesicle = pseudostratified columnar

35
Q

UROGENITAL:

Renal corpuscle

Name the labels

A
36
Q

UROGENITAL:

Kidney

Name the labels

A
37
Q

UROGENITAL:

What is this picture showing

a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus

c} loop of henle

A

a) PCT and DCT

38
Q

UROGENITAL:

What is this picture showing

a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus

c} loop of henle

A

c} loop of henle

39
Q

UROGENITAL:

What is this picture showing

a) PCT and DCT
b) golmeralus

c} loop of henle

A
40
Q

UROGENITAL:
What is the name of the very outer layer of cells? What is their function?

A

Umbrella cells. They will change shape depending on the distension of the bladder. Called umbrella as they cover multiple cells

41
Q

UROGENITAL:
What can you see in this image?

A

purple stain

ha jokes!

A single mature ooctyte dominates the picture. A much smaller secondary oocyte can be seen to the right, complete with its fluid filled antrum in the zona granulosa. A group of primary follicles is located at the lower part of the image along the boundary of the ovary

42
Q

UROGENITAL:

What does the E and M stand for in this image?

A

endometrium and myometrium

43
Q

UROGENITAL:
Histological section through the vagina

A

Stratified squamous epithelia (at top of image) overlying lamina propria and muscle.

44
Q

UROGENITAL:

How would you notice the junction between the cervix and vagina histologically and why is it important?

A

The vagina is a muscular tube lined by stratified squamous epithelia, deep to which is a thick, elastic lamina propria and then smooth muscle. This arrangement allows for expansion of the vaginal canal which is essential for childbirth. Just inside the cervix this changes at the squamo-columnar junction. The lining of the cervix becomes single layered columnar mucous cells. Understanding of histology important for cervical smear screening. Migration of squamous cells into the columnar border (or vice versa) or presence of abnormal cells can indicate pre-cancerous changes.

45
Q

UROGENITAL:

What cell type is indicated in this histological section through a testis, and what is their function?

A

Leydig cells, found in the interstitium between seminiferous tubules. Secrete testosterone

46
Q

UROGENITAL:
What process can be seen here?

A

Image shows cross-section through seminiferous tubule with developing spermatozoa within

47
Q

UROGENITAL:

Identify the lumen, epithelium (tall columnar epithelium) and 3 muscular layers thorough the ductus deferens.

A

Lumen is obvious (the middle white bit).

A pseudostratified layer of columnar epithelial cells can be seen lining the lumen of the ductus (stained purple).

The three layers of muscle can be distinguished because the inner and outer layers are longitudinal, i.e. fibres run in the same plane as the lumen and appear as cut-ended fibres. Whereas, the middle layer is circular muscle and you can see the fibre orientation describing a circle concentric to the lumen. This is the thickest of the three layers

48
Q

UROGENITAL:

What is this a histological section of?

A

Prostate.

The many patches of glandular tissue and intervening stroma (contained of connective tissue and smooth muscle) can clearly be seen

The large, oval-shaped patches which stain dark red in H+E that can be seen dotted throughout the section are prostatic concretions – a characteristic feature of prostate histology.

49
Q

UROGENITAL:

Which part of the urethra is this a cross section of?

A

Spongy.

Can clearly see the features characteristic to a cross section of the penis, including the corpus spongiosum and paired corpora cavernosa.

Apparent circular holes in the top of the image are the dorsal veins of the penis

50
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL:

The Upper Oesophagus

Name the labels

A
51
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL:

The Stomach

Name the labels:

Gastric pits

Muscosa

Gastric glands

Muscularis mucosae

Submucosa

A
52
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL:

The Duodenal layers

Name the labels:

A
53
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL:

The liver

Match these:

Portal vein

Hepatic artery

Bile duct

Lobule boundary

Portal area

Central Vein

A
54
Q

GASTROINTESTINAL:

What does the folds in this image show?

A

Rugae

55
Q

GASTRO:

Name the labels

A

P – pits

M – mucosa

SM – submucosa

idk what ME is

56
Q

GASTRO:

Name the labels

A

M – mucosa

L – lumen

SM – submucosa

CM – circular muscle

LM – longitudinal muscle,

57
Q

GASTRO:

Name the labels

A

SSE – stratified squamous epithelium,

CT – connective tissue

SG – serous glands

58
Q

CVS:

What type of muscle is this?

Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal

A

Cardiac

59
Q

CVS:

What type of muscle is this?

Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal

A

Smooth muscle

60
Q

CVS:

What type of muscle is this?

Smooth. Cardiac, Skeletal

A

Skeletal muscle

61
Q

CVS:

Match these:

Muscle cell nucleus

Capillary

Endothelial cell

Intercalated disc

A

Year 1 (23 decks)

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