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Year 1 > HARC - Endocrine > Flashcards

HARC - Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Name the labels

A
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2
Q
A

Adenohypophysis- anterior lobe

Neurohypophysis- posterior lobe

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3
Q
A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

Corticotropin releasing hormone

Thyrotropin releasing hormone

Prolactin releasing hormone

Growth Hormone releasing hormone

Antidiuretic hormone

Oxytocin

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4
Q
A

Follicle-stimulating hormone/ luteinizing hormone

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Thyroif stimulating hormone

Prolactin

Growth Hormone

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5
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7
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8
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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9
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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10
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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11
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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12
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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13
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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14
Q

Hypothalamus – the nuclei

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15
Q

Thyroid gland:

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16
Q

Thyroid gland:

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17
Q

Thyroid gland:

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18
Q
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19
Q

Adrenal gland – Blood supply:

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20
Q

Adrenal gland – Blood supply:

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21
Q

Adrenal gland – Blood supply:

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22
Q

Pancreas - Anatomy

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23
Q

Sex organs - Ovary:

A
24
Q

Sex organs - Testes

A
25
Q

Thymus gland:

A
26
Q

Vitamin D pathway - Step 1:

A
27
Q

Vitamin D pathway- Step 2:

A
28
Q

Vitamin D pathway - Step 3

A

PTH- Parathyroid hormone

29
Q

Vitamin D summary

A
30
Q

Vitamin D summary

A
31
Q

Pancrease:

A
32
Q

The pancreas and its parts – head and uncinate process, neck, body and tail

Which parts are retroperitoneal, and which are intraperitoneal?

A

Tail is intraperitoneal, the rest is retroperitoneal.

33
Q

Name the 3 major branches of the coeliac trunk? And, which artery supplies both the spleen as well as the pancreas?

A

Splenic; left gastric; common hepatic

splenic

34
Q

Where does the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) drain to?

A

SMV + splenic v. → Hepatic portal vein. HPV

35
Q

What is the Superior mesenteric artery (SMV) draining?

A

The SMV drains venous blood from the jejunum and ileum of the small intestines and conveys the now highly nutritious blood into the portal system on the way to the liver

36
Q

The main pancreatic duct joins with the ______ to form the ______________at the ___________

A

bile duct

hepatopancreatic duct

ampulla of Vater

37
Q
A
38
Q

Why is the left adrenal gland and kidney slightly superior to the right?

A

The liver pushes the right side more inferior.

39
Q

Which one typically branches from the inferior phrenic artery?

A

Superior suprarenal arteries

40
Q

Name the two hypothalamic nuclei most closely linked to the endocrine function of the pituitary gland? Which lobe of the pituitary do these connect with?

A

Paraventricular and supra-optic

posterior lobe

41
Q

What is the blood supply of the pituitary gland? Name the structure that connects it to the hypothalamus and the two main conduits contained therein?

A

Pituitary stalk;

pituitary portal system (ant. lob);

hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract (post lob)

42
Q

Name the hormone released by the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

43
Q

Name the structure inferior to the pineal gland?

A

Superior colliculus

44
Q

What vernacular name is given to the pineal gland in some vertebrates and why?

A

Third eye; close to surface of skull;

releases melatonin in response to changes of light

45
Q

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands:

A
46
Q

Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands:

A
47
Q

Which compartment of the neck does the thyroid occupy?

A

Visceral compartment

48
Q

Name the three main muscles that surround the thyroid gland?

A

sternohyoid, sternothyroid and omohyoid

49
Q

Name the two major arteries that supply the thyroid gland?

A

Sup and inf thyroid arteries

50
Q

Dorsal view of the thyroid gland:

A
51
Q

What do the left and right laryngeal recurrent nerves supply?

A

The intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles.

52
Q

From which cranial nerve do the recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from?

A

Vagus.

53
Q

Can you survive if the parathyroid glands are completely absent? Are there always four present?

A

Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your blood. Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your bones. You can easily live with one (or even 1/2) parathyroid gland. Removing all 4 parathyroid glands will cause very bad symptoms of too little calcium (hypOparathyroidism)

54
Q

The secretion of thyroxine & tri-iodothyronine by the thyroid is triggered by…….

A

hormones released by the hypothalamus.

55
Q

What does the thyroid hormone calcitonin do?

A

lowers blood calcium levels.

56
Q
A

Year 1 (23 decks)

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