Hepatitis Flashcards
Exception - can cause chronic hepatitis in immunocompromised and pregnant women
Hep E
Can cause chronic hepatitis
Consonants - B, C, D
Transmitted by blood, birthing, bonking
Hep B
Only virus that is more often chronic than not, usually never acute
Hep C
Icteric
Jaundice
2 wks post exposure
Pre-interic (pre-jaundice)
1-2 wks after prodrome, and can last up to 6 wks
Icteric phase (jaundice)
Diminishing jaundice. 6-8 wks post exposure
Convalescence
Most infectious time w/ hepatitis
Last asymptomatic day of incubation period
Symptomatic, biochemical, or serological evidence of continuing or relapsing disease for > 6 months
Chronic viral hepatitis
Harbors organism w/o signs or sxs. Reservoirs for future infections
Carrier state
Hepatic iris. Small, non-enveloped + ss RNA
Hep A
Endemic in countries with poor sanitation
Hep A
In developed countries > better SES and hygiene > no herd immunity > older age group infected > more symptomatic and severe
Hep A
Rises with decline of IgM after months
IgG
Persists and gives lifelong immunity against reinfection of all strains of Hep A
IgG
Need to exclude drug-induced hepatitis (acetaminophen OD)
Hep A
Liver biopsy is not needed with
Hep A
No chronic or carrier state. Rarely relapses
Hep A
Hepadnavirus. 42 nm, spherical. Double shelled.
Hep B
Very resistant to extreme humidity, survives even in mummy remains
Hep B
Partially ds circular DNA
Hep B
Mode of transmission depends on geographical area
Hep B
Childbirth/vertical transmission of Hep B
High prevalence regions
Horizontal transmission Hep B
Intermediate prevalence regions
Sexual/IV drug transmission Hep B
Low prevalence regions
Although there is a small chance, it can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma
Hep B
Age at time of infection predicts chronic its. Younger > more likely to become chronic
Hep B
Complete cure hard to achieve in chronic cases b/c virus inserts itself into host DNA. Host can’t mount an effective response via antibodies and the virus persists
Hep B
Innate immune response (NK cells, IFN) protect individual
Early stage
__________ if CD4 and CD8 produce IFN-gamma and clear infected cells
Resolution
Flavivirus. Small, ss RNA
Hep C
RNA codes for one polyprotein that is processed into functional proteins
Hep C
RNA Pol has poor fidelity in copying > many genotypes and subtypes (even in same person - quasispecies)
Hep C
Decrease in annual incidence due to a decrease in transfusion-associated infection
Hep C
Biggest risk factors are IV drugs and multiple sexual partners
Hep C
Risk factors also include a needle stick and working in medical/dental fields
Hep C
Needle stick has a higher risk for ______ than HIV
Hep C
Perinatal infection is usually
Hep B
RNA remains in blood no trasaminases remain elevated (may increase or decrease, but never normalize)
Hep C
IL28B encodes
IF-lambda
Absolute requirement for infection with Hep B
Hep D
Produces delta antigen
Hep D
Very small, ss RNA
Hep D
Uses host’s RNA Pol to replicate through RNA-directed RNA synthesis
Hep D
Epidemics in Asia, Africa, ME, China, and Mexico
Hep E
Sporadic in India
Hep E
Found on pig farms in the developed world
Hep E
High mortality rate in pregnant women
Hep E
Unenveloped ss + RNA. Hepevirus (4 genotypes)
Hep E
Virions shed during acute illness
Hep E
Common in developing countries
Hep A
Shed in feces before symptoms
Hep A
In Canada, Greenland
Hep B
Usually in USA
Hep C
Only cause acute hepatitis. Never cause chronic hepatitis
Vowels - Hep A and E
