Congenital

Question 1

Problems in wks 1-2 cause

Answer 1

Prenatal death

Question 2

Problems in wks 3-7 cause

Answer 2

Major morphological abnormalities

Question 3

Problems after wk 8 cause

Answer 3

Physiological defects and minor morphological abnormalities

Question 4

Dysmorphology

Answer 4

Study of birth defects

Question 5

Shows a problem with generalized growth and/or formation of one or more structures of the body

Answer 5

Dysmorphic individual

Question 6

Unknown > chromosomal > Mendelian

Answer 6

Causes for birth defects

Question 7

Defect that requires surgery or medical intervention

Answer 7

Major anomaly

Question 8

Neural tube defects, cleft lip/palate are examples of

Answer 8

Major anomalies

Question 9

Have no serious medical or cosmetic significance

Answer 9

Minor anomalies

Question 10

______ or more minor anomalies raise suspicion for possibility of a major anomaly

Answer 10

3

Question 11

Simian crease and palpebral slant are examples of

Answer 11

Minor anomalies

Question 12

Features that fall to the far end of spectrum of normal. Can serve as indicators of altered morphogenesis and clues to patterns of malformation

Answer 12

Normal variants

Question 13

Flat nasal bridge, hydrocele, and syndactyly of 2nd/3rd toes are

Answer 13

Normal variants

Question 14

Intrinsically abnormal developmental process

Answer 14

Malformation

Question 15

Cleft lip, polydactyly

Answer 15

Malformation

Question 16

Mechanical compression

Answer 16

Deformation

Question 17

Clubfoot, plagiocephaly

Answer 17

Deformation

Question 18

Breakdown of otherwise normal developmental process

Answer 18

Disruption

Question 19

Amniotic band amputation, porencephaly

Answer 19

Disruption

Question 20

Abnormality due to intrinsic problem within developing structure

Answer 20

Malformation

Question 21

Caused by altered tissue formation/growth/differentiation due to genetic, environmental, or a combination of factors

Answer 21

Malformation

Question 22

Primary structural defect resulting from an error in tissue formation

Answer 22

Malformation

Question 23

Lack of development

Answer 23

Aplasia

Question 24

Microcephaly micrognathia

Answer 24

Hypoplasia

Question 25

Cleft palate, Iris coloboma

Answer 25

Incomplete closure

Question 26

Syndactyly

Answer 26

Incomplete separation

Question 27

VSD

Answer 27

Incomplete septation

Question 28

Extrophy of bladder

Answer 28

Incomplete migration

Question 29

Meckel diverticulum, cloana atresia

Answer 29

Incomplete resolution of early form

Question 30

Low-set ears

Answer 30

Persistence of early location

Question 31

Polydactyly, ear tag

Answer 31

Redundant morphogenesis

Question 32

Mediastinal thyroid

Answer 32

Aberrant morphogenesis

Question 33

Abnormality due to extrinsic force on a normally developing structure. Caused by fetal constraint

Answer 33

Deformation

Question 34

Intrinsic (fetal akinesia) can cause

Answer 34

Deformation

Question 35

Asymmetric head. Can occur pre or post natally. Corrected by helmets or positioning

Answer 35

Plagiocephaly

Question 36

Plagiocephaly is a

Answer 36

Deformation

Question 37

Abnormality due to a destructive force acting upon the developing structure

Answer 37

Disruption

Question 38

Caused by cell death/tissue destruction due to vascular, infectious, or mechanical forces

Answer 38

Disruption

Question 39

Caused by a vascular accident. Occlusion of cerebral artery can cause formation of a porencephalic cyst

Answer 39

Porencephaly

Question 40

Amniotic fluid resorption by exposed _______ leads to transient oligohydramnios and fetal constraint

Answer 40

Chorion

Question 41

Subclavian artery disruption, absent pec muscle, ipsilateral limb defect

Answer 41

Poland anomaly

Question 42

Clubfoot w/o CNS anomaly, PDA, VSD

Answer 42

Most common congenital anomalies