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Exam 14 > Enviro Path > Flashcards

Enviro Path Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of global health loss and premature death

A

Undernutrition

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2
Q

Most common cause of death is heart and cerebrovascular disease

A

Developed countries

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3
Q

Most common cause of death is infection

A

Developing countries

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4
Q

Exogenous chemicals for the environment

A

Xenobiotics

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5
Q

Hydrolysis, reduction, or oxidation. CypP450

A

Phase 1 rxs

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6
Q

Metabolize to water soluble molecules for easy excretion. Glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, conjugation

A

Phase 2 rxs

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7
Q

Free radical production > injures respiratory tract epithelium

A

Ozone

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8
Q

Comes from fossil fuels and plants. Converted to sulfuric acid and trioxide. Irritates respiratory tract

A

Sulfur dioxide

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9
Q

Asphyxia at _____ carboxy hemoglobin

A

20%

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10
Q

Lead can come from houses built before

A

1978

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11
Q

Most absorbed into bone and teeth. Competes with calcium.

A

Lead

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12
Q

Interferes with cartilage remodeling and primary bone Trabeculae, along with fracture healing

A

Lead

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13
Q

Half life of 20-30 years in bone

A

Lead

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14
Q

Causes microcytic, hypo chromic anemia b/c it interferes with heme synthesis

A

Lead (plumbism)

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15
Q

Causes increased free RBC protoporphyrin level (RBC zinc-bound protoporphyrin)

A

Lead (plumbism)

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16
Q

RBC precursors with abundant stainable iron

A

Ringed sideroblasts

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling is made of

A

RNA

18
Q

Ringed sideroblasts made of

A

Iron

19
Q

Causes headache, memory loss, and peripheral neuropathy (foot and wrist drop) in adults

A

Plumbism

20
Q

Affects hearing and intellectual capacity of child

A

Lead

21
Q

Abdominal pain with chronic lead poisoning is

A

Poorly localized

22
Q

Kidney disease with chronic lead poisoning is

A

TubulointerstitIal

23
Q

Gotten from fish and shellfish

A

Mercury

24
Q

Causes major CNS damage to fetus and child

A

Mercury

25
Q

Causes peripheral neuropathy and CNS depression in adults

A

Mercury (mad as a hatter) - Mercury used to cure felts for hats

26
Q

Gotten from soil and water (bangladesh, well water) and agriculture (herbicides, wood preservatives)

A

Arsenic

27
Q

Acute poisoning affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Causes CNS and cardiovascular disturbances

A

Arsenic

28
Q

2-8 wks of poisoning will cause neuropathic so (numbness/tingling, muscle cramping)

A

Arsenic

29
Q

Long term poisoning will cause cancers of lung and skin (palms and soles). Hyperpigmentation/hyperkeratosis of palms and soles. Anemia

A

Arsenic

30
Q

Gotten from mining, electroplating, nickel-cadmium batteries, food

A

Cadmium

31
Q

Causes COPD from alvelolar macrophage necrosis and cancer. Tubular damage and renal failure. Osteoporosis and osteomalacia

A

Cadmium

32
Q

Dose dependent marrow aplasia. Increased risk of AML

A

Benzene

33
Q

Acute exposure causes CNS depression, dizziness, confusion, and severe coma. Toxic to liver and kidneys. HCC

A

Chloroform (CCL3H) and carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)

34
Q

Associated with lung and bladder cancer

A

Polycyclic hydrocarbons

35
Q

Lipophilic, halogenated compounds that resist degradation and induce CYPs

A

Organochlorines

36
Q

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), and dioxins (agent orange)

A

Organochlorines

37
Q

Disrupt endocrine systems by being anti estrogenic and anti androgenic

A

Organochlorines

38
Q

Dermatitis from PCB and dioxins (chloracne). Face acne, cystic hyperpigmentation, and hyperkeratosis

A

Chloracne - organochlorines

39
Q

Increased angiosarcoma of liver

A

Vinyl chloride

40
Q

Phthalates (plasticizers) cause

A

Endocrine and testicular dysfunction

41
Q

Sum of yrs of life lost and years of illness/disability

A

Disability-adjusted life year (DALY)

Exam 14 (22 decks)

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