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LIEK Review > Heme 2 > Flashcards

Heme 2 Flashcards

1
Q

IDA - what lab values are increased

A

TIBC
plt count

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2
Q

glossitis (sore and shiny red tongue), angular cheilitis (irritated skin or fissures at the corners of the mouth), pica

A

IDA

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3
Q

IDA med

A

ferrous sulfate 325 mg PO TID between meals or with OJ

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4
Q

IDA - hgb/hct are often normalized by when

A

6-8 weeks, continue therapy until ferritin level increases to normal levels (can take 3-6 months to replace)

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5
Q

thalassemia - RBC count, MCHC, serum ferritin, iron levels

A

RBC count increased
MCHC low
serum ferritin normal
serum iron normal

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6
Q

Thalassemia tx

A

individualized; some may require transfusion for anemia to reduce symptoms or during periods of stress; minor does not need treatment most often

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7
Q

anemia of chronic disease - MCV, MCHC, ESR, CRP

A

normal MCV, MCHC
elevated ESR or CRP

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8
Q

anemia in CKD occurs due to

A

decreased EPO production secondary to CKD, which reduces the production of reticulocytes and RBCs and causes worsening anemia

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9
Q

most common cause of B12 def

A

pernicious anemia

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10
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a type of B12 anemia - an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of parietal cells in the fundus, resulting in cessation of intrinsic factor production

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11
Q

a type of B12 anemia - an autoimmune disorder caused by the destruction of parietal cells in the fundus, resulting in cessation of intrinsic factor production

A

pernicious anemia

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12
Q

intrinsic factor is necessary for

A

absorption of vitamin B12 from the small intestines

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13
Q

b12 def anemia tx

A

vitamin B12 Sq or IM qwk for 1 month then once per month; oral b12 1000-2000 daily if adherence is not a concern

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14
Q

a vitamin b12 level below what value is consistent with b12 def

A

<200

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15
Q

the screening test for all anemias is

A

the CBC

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16
Q

folate def tx

A

folic acid PO for 1-4 months or until RBC indicators and anemia are normal

17
Q

aplastic anemia is caused by

A

destruction of the pluripotent stem cells inside the bone marrow

18
Q

erythrocytosis

A

aka polycythemia - refers to an abnormal elevation of hgb and/or hct

19
Q

an increase of RBC mass caused by a mutation is categorized as

A

primary polycythemia

20
Q

who have a higher incidence of secondary polycythemia/erythrocytosis

A

chronic smokers
COPD
EPO tx

21
Q

hereditary hemochromatosis is a

A

genetic disorder in which the intestinal absorption of iron increases, leading to total-body iron overload

22
Q

genetic disorder in which the intestinal absorption of iron increases, leading to total-body iron overload

A

hereditary hemochromatosis

23
Q

hereditary hemochromatosis - symptoms include
4

A

chronic fatigue
skin hyperpigmentation (bronze)
swelling of the second and third metacarpal joints (fingers)
joint stiffness

24
Q

hereditary hemochromatosis - abnormal lab results include
4

A

elevated AST, ALT
high serum ferritin
high transferrin saturation

25
Q

the main tx for symptomatic pts with very high ferritin levels is

A

therapeutic phlebotomy

26
Q

hemolytic anemias are a group of

A

genetic disease that decrease RBC life span w/ increased lysis - SCA and glucose-6-phophate dehydrogenase deficiency G6PD

27
Q

acute hemolysis of RBCs causes what

A

a drop in hgb and hct, reticulocytes and elevation of indirect bilirubin (causes jaundice)

28
Q

G6PD

A

x linked recessive genetic disorder that more commonly affects males; about 2-4 days after drug ingestion, will have hemolytic episode

29
Q

dx of SCA can be made by
3

A

high performance liquid chromatography HPLC
isoelectric focusing IEF
gel electrophoresis techniques

30
Q

what two test provide the definitive dx of sickle cell disorder in older children and adults

A

HPLC and IEF

31
Q

ferritin level - IDA vs thalassemia

A

low in iron
normal in thalassemia

32
Q

serum iron - IDA vs thalassemia

A

decrease id IDA
normal in thala

33
Q

TIBC - IDA vs thalassemia

A

elevated in IDA
normal in thala

34
Q

MCHC - IDA vs thalassemia

A

decrease in IDA
decrease in thala

35
Q

hgb electrophoresis - IDA vs thalassemia

A

normal in IDA
abnormal in thala

LIEK Review (44 decks)

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