GU 3 Flashcards
proteinuria is defined as
the excretion of >150 mg/day of protein
gold standard test for measuring protein excretion of the kidneys is
24 hour urine collection
four types of proteinuria
glomerular
tubular
overflow
postrenal
UTI - urine C&S organism growth will show
100,000 CFU/mL (or 10(5) CFU/mL) of a single organism or 100,000 CFU/mL of one organism and growth of a second organism 50,000 or more
UA is positive for bacteriuria if value is
> 100,000 CFU/MI
first line meds for patients w/o risk factors UTI
3
macrobid 100 mg BID x 5 days
Bactrim, Septra 160/800 mg BID x 3 days
fosfomycin (Monurol) 3 G x 1 dose
UTI abx alternatives include
2
cirpofloxacin BID
levofloxacin (Levaquin) daily x 3 days
UTI - if symptoms persist 48-72 hours after starting abx do what
order urine C&S to r/o pyelonephritis, consider switching to another abx drug class and tx for 7-10 days
UA - dx characteristic for UTI
> 100,000 CFU/mL of one organism
the use of ____ can increase the risk of UTIs in women
spermicides
UTI in males - if sexually active, r/o what
gonorrhea and chlamydia infection - use NAAT
UTI in males is diagnosed by
classical clinical manifestation and pyuria and bacteriuria on UA and urine C&S
male UTI - abx choices
3
nitrofurantoin
bactrim
fosfomycin
long term use of nitrofurantoin is associated with
3
lung problems
chronic hepatitis
neuropathy
nitrofurantoin is contraindicated with
renal insufficiency
BUN is a measure of the
kidney’s ability to excrete urea (waste product of protein metabolism)
creatinine is the product of
creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle
serum creatine kinase levels in rhabdo
markedly elevated (five times normal value or higher)
three major causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are
kidney ischemia
sepsis
nephrotoxins
