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LIEK Review > CV 4 > Flashcards

CV 4 Flashcards

1
Q

HTN dx is confirmed if

A

SBP 130 or more
OR
DBP 80 or more

must have 3 times this is elevated over a period of time

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2
Q

HTN macrovascular damage - pulses

A

decreased or absent peripheral pulses PAD

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3
Q

coarctation of the aorta BP findings

A

SBP will be higher in the arms than legs with a bound pulse; SBP on the legs will be lower, and the pulses will be weaker, look for diminished femoral pulses

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4
Q

HTN - first line therapy if they also have CKD with proteinuria

A

ACEI or ARB

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5
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism aka

A

conn syndrome

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6
Q

primary hyperaldosteronism/conn syndrome - s/sx

A

HTN with hypokalemia is usually the only sign of this condition (d/t urinary K wasting); normal to elevated Na levels

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7
Q

HTN urgency is defined as

A

SBP >180 and/or DBP >120 without target organ damage

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8
Q

orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed if

A

reduction of 20 or more in SBP and/or reduction of 10 or more in DBP

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9
Q

in isolated systolic HTN in older adults, which medications are preferred
2

A

low dose thiazide diuretics or CCB

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10
Q

HTN - lost weight if BMI is

A

over 25

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11
Q

HTN w/ DM recommended drug classes
4

A

ACEI
ARB
thiazide diuretics
CCB

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12
Q

HTN w/ CKD rec drug classes
2

A

ACEI
ARB

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13
Q

HTN w/ HFrEF rec drug classes
5

A

diuretics
ARNI
ACEI
ARB
BB

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14
Q

HTN w/ post acute myocardial infarction recommended drug class
3

A

BB
ACEI
aldosterone

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15
Q

classic finding for MVP

A

mid systolic or non-ejection click w/ late systolic or holosystolic murmur

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16
Q

best dx test for MVP

A

3D TTE

17
Q

MVP lifestyle changes

A

avoid caffeine and stimulants, alcohol, cigarettes; aerobic exercise training; reduce stress

18
Q

MVP w/ palpitations can be treated with

A

BBs

19
Q

PAD

A

gradual (decades) narrowing and/or occlusion of medium-to-large arteries in the lower extremities

20
Q

gradual (decades) narrowing and/or occlusion of medium-to-large arteries in the lower extremities

A

PAD

21
Q

intermittent claudication

A

worsening pain on ambulation that is instantly relieved by rest

22
Q

intermittent claudication is a sign of

A

PAD

23
Q

PAD skin changes

A

atrophic skin changes; some have skin discoloration/gangrene on one or more toes or a nonhealing wound/ulcer; shiny and hyperpigmented ankles; hairless; cool to touch

24
Q

PAD CV findings
3

A
  1. decreased to absent dorsal pedal pulse
  2. increased cap refill time
  3. bruits over partially blocked arteries
25
Q

ABI is used to elevated what

A

severity of PAD

26
Q

dx ABI score for PAD

A

less than or equal to 0.9

27
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

fall in SBP of more than 10 mmHg during the inspiratory phase

28
Q

fall in SBP of more than 10 mmHg during the inspiratory phase

A

pulsus paradoxus

29
Q

pulsus paradoxus is an important physical sign of

A

cardiac tamponade

30
Q

important physical sign of cardiac tamponade

A

pulsus paradoxus

31
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

reversible vasospasm of the peripheral arterioles on the fingers and toes due to an exaggerated response to cold temps or emotional stress

32
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon cause

A

unknown; may be associated with an increased risk of autoimmune conditions (thyroid, anemia, RA, lupus)

33
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon non pharm tx
4

A
  1. avoid touching cold things
  2. avoid cold weather
  3. quit smoking
  4. manage stress
34
Q

Raynaud’s phenomenon med

A

CCB (nifedipine, amlodipine)

35
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a superficial vein and confirmed thrombosis

36
Q

adult pt c/o acute onset of an indurated vein, localized redness, swelling, and tenderness on the extremity

A

superficial thrombophlebitis

37
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis non pharm tx
2

A
  1. warm compress
  2. elevate limb
38
Q

superficial thrombophlebitis meds
2

A

NSAIDs
anticoags based on VTE risk

LIEK Review (44 decks)

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